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In recent years, a number of experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of articular cartilage under impact loading. Some experimentally observed results have been explained using a…
The bulk of the research effort on brain connectivity revolves around statistical associations among brain regions, which do not directly relate to the causal mechanisms governing brain dynamics. Here we propose the multiscale causal…
Disease in the brain is often associated with subtle, spatially diffuse, or complex tissue changes that may lie beneath the level of gross visual inspection, even on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Unfortunately, current computer-assisted…
Mechanical modelling of poroelastic media under finite strain is usually carried out via phenomenological models neglecting complex micro-macro scales interdependency. One reason is that the mathematical two-scale analysis is only…
We present a general theory for noise-induced corrections to the angular velocity of spiral waves. Stochasticity produces two second-order effects: an instantaneous term from heterogeneity that always slows rotation, and an orbital-drift…
With the growing accessibility and wide adoption of large language models, concerns about their safety and alignment with human values have become paramount. In this paper, we identify a concerning phenomenon: Reasoning-Induced Misalignment…
Trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) is essential in healthcare, particularly for high-stakes tasks like medical image segmentation. Explainable AI and uncertainty quantification significantly enhance AI reliability by addressing key…
Cerebrovascular dynamics and pathomechanisms that evolve in the minutes and hours following traumatic vascular injury in the brain remain largely unknown. We investigated the pathophysiology evolution within the first three hours after…
We consider the mechanisms by which folds, or sulci (troughs) and gyri (crests), develop in the brain. This feature, common to many gyrencephalic species including humans, has attracted recent attention from soft matter physicists. It…
Falls are the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries, particularly for older persons. Imbalance can result from the body's internal causes (illness), or external causes (active or passive perturbation). Active perturbation results…
Stress is a dynamic process that reflects the responses of the brain. Traditional methods for measuring stress are often time-consuming and susceptible to recall bias. To address this, we investigated changes in heart rate (HR) during the…
Skull-stripping separates the skull region of the head from the soft brain tissues. In many cases of brain image analysis, this is an essential preprocessing step in order to improve the final result. This is true for both registration and…
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a critical transitional stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia, making its early detection essential. This study investigates the neural mechanisms of distractor suppression in MCI patients…
We review current thinking about, and draw connections between, brain energetics and metabolism, mitochondria and traumatic brain injury. In addition to summarizing current thinking in these disciplines, our goal is to suggest a framework…
Triathlon training, which involves high-volume swimming, cycling, and running, places athletes at substantial risk for overuse injuries due to repetitive physiological stress. Current injury prediction approaches primarily rely on training…
The identification and segmentation of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) lesions pose a significant challenge in neuroimaging. This difficulty arises from the extreme heterogeneity of these lesions, which vary in size, number,…
Lesions that appear hyperintense in both Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the human brain are common in the brains of the elderly population and may be caused by ischemia or…
Computational biomechanics of the brain for neurosurgery is an emerging area of research recently gaining in importance and practical applications. This review paper presents the contributions of the Intelligent Systems for Medicine…
The anatomical structure of the brain can be observed via non-invasive techniques such as diffusion imaging. However, these are imperfect because they miss connections that are actually known to exist, especially long range…
Many recent papers have questioned Irving and Kirkwood's atomistic expression for stress. In Irving and Kirkwood's approach both interatomic forces and atomic velocities contribute to stress. It is the velocity-dependent part that has been…