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The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on natural language tasks can be improved through both supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and in-context learning (ICL), which operate via distinct mechanisms. Supervised fine-tuning updates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Saahith Janapati , Yangfeng Ji

Recent work on tokenizer-free multilingual pretrained models show promising results in improving cross-lingual transfer and reducing engineering overhead (Clark et al., 2022; Xue et al., 2022). However, these works mainly focus on reporting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jimin Sun , Patrick Fernandes , Xinyi Wang , Graham Neubig

We propose a novel parameter-efficient training (PET) method for large language models that adapts models to downstream tasks by optimizing a small subset of the existing model parameters. Unlike prior methods, this subset is not fixed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Felix Stahlberg , Jared Lichtarge , Shankar Kumar

Deep Contextual Language Models (LMs) like ELMO, BERT, and their successors dominate the landscape of Natural Language Processing due to their ability to scale across multiple tasks rapidly by pre-training a single model, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Shaily Bhatt , Poonam Goyal , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury , Sunayana Sitaram

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a key technique for enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), with policy-gradient algorithms dominating the post-training stage because of their efficiency and effectiveness.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Chang Tian , Matthew B. Blaschko , Mingzhe Xing , Xiuxing Li , Yinliang Yue , Marie-Francine Moens

One of the most surprising and exciting discoveries in supervised learning was the benefit of overparameterization (i.e. training a very large model) to improving the optimization landscape of a problem, with minimal effect on statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-17 Rares-Darius Buhai , Yoni Halpern , Yoon Kim , Andrej Risteski , David Sontag

Deep neural networks progressively transform their inputs across multiple processing layers. What are the geometrical properties of the representations learned by these networks? Here we study the intrinsic dimensionality (ID) of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Alessio Ansuini , Alessandro Laio , Jakob H. Macke , Davide Zoccolan

Large language models are powerful but costly. We ask whether meta-learning can make the pretraining of small language models not only better but also more interpretable. We integrate first-order MAML with subset-masked LM pretraining,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 David Demitri Africa , Yuval Weiss , Paula Buttery , Richard Diehl Martinez

Instruction tuning is a burgeoning method to elicit the general intelligence of Large Language Models (LLMs). While numerous studies have examined the impact of factors such as data volume and model size on English models, the scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Chiyu Song , Zhanchao Zhou , Jianhao Yan , Yuejiao Fei , Zhenzhong Lan , Yue Zhang

This paper addresses user-specific dialogs. In contrast to previous research on personalized dialogue focused on achieving virtual user dialogue as defined by persona descriptions, user-specific dialogue aims to reproduce real-user dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Atsushi Otsuka , Kazuya Matsuo , Ryo Ishii , Narichika Nomoto , Hiroaki Sugiyama

Foundation models and their checkpoints have significantly advanced deep learning, boosting performance across various applications. However, fine-tuned models often struggle outside their specific domains and exhibit considerable…

Large language models achieve state-of-the-art performance but are increasingly costly to fine-tune. Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that addresses parameter-efficiency by learning prompt embeddings, but these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zijun Wu , Yongchang Hao , Lili Mou

Iterative pruning is one of the most effective compression methods for pre-trained language models. We discovered that finding the optimal pruning decision is an equality-constrained 0-1 Integer Linear Programming problem. The solution to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Siyu Ren , Kenny Q. Zhu

We propose a novel task-agnostic in-domain pre-training method that sits between generic pre-training and fine-tuning. Our approach selectively masks in-domain keywords, i.e., words that provide a compact representation of the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Shahriar Golchin , Mihai Surdeanu , Nazgol Tavabi , Ata Kiapour

Instruction tuning is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, safety constraints, and domain-specific requirements. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the full pipeline,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xudong Han , Junjie Yang , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao , Junhao Song

Prompt tuning and adapter tuning have shown great potential in transferring pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) to various downstream tasks. In this work, we design a new type of tuning method, termed as regularized mask tuning, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Kecheng Zheng , Wei Wu , Ruili Feng , Kai Zhu , Jiawei Liu , Deli Zhao , Zheng-Jun Zha , Wei Chen , Yujun Shen

We give simpler, sparser, and faster algorithms for differentially private fine-tuning of large-scale pre-trained language models, which achieve the state-of-the-art privacy versus utility tradeoffs on many standard NLP tasks. We propose a…

Language Models (LMs) are prone to memorizing parts of their data during training and unintentionally emitting them at generation time, raising concerns about privacy leakage and disclosure of intellectual property. While previous research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Stefan Arnold

Deep learning has become an essential part of computer vision, with deep neural networks (DNNs) excelling in predictive performance. However, they often fall short in other critical quality dimensions, such as robustness, calibration, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Robin Hesse , Doğukan Bağcı , Bernt Schiele , Simone Schaub-Meyer , Stefan Roth

Large language models have shown tremendous performance in a variety of tasks. In-context learning -- the ability to improve at a task after being provided with a number of demonstrations -- is seen as one of the main contributors to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Julian Coda-Forno , Marcel Binz , Zeynep Akata , Matthew Botvinick , Jane X. Wang , Eric Schulz