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Maintained by environmental fluxes, biological systems are thermodynamic processes that operate far from equilibrium without detailed-balance dynamics. Yet, they often exhibit well defined nonequilibrium steady states (NESSs). More…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-02 P. M. Riechers , J. P. Crutchfield

We study nonequilibrium thermodynamics of complex information flows induced by interactions between multiple fluctuating systems. Characterizing nonequilibrium dynamics by causal networks (i.e., Bayesian networks), we obtain novel…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-11-07 Sosuke Ito , Takahiro Sagawa

The neocortex, a complex system driving multi-region interactions, remains a core puzzle in neuroscience. Despite quantitative insights across brain scales, understanding the mechanisms underlying neural activities is challenging. Advances…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-27 Xiaochen Wang , Yuxuan Wu , Feng Zhang , Jin Wang

Continuous-Time Recurrent Neural Networks (CTRNNs) have been widely used for their capacity to model complex temporal behaviour. However, their internal dynamics often remain difficult to interpret. In this paper, we propose a new class of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-11-17 Miguel Aguilera , Daniele De Martino , Ivan Garashchuk , Dmitry Sinelshchikov

This paper provides a perspective on applying the concepts of information thermodynamics, developed recently in non-equilibrium statistical physics, to problems in theoretical neuroscience. Historically, information and energy in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-27 Jan Karbowski

The brain is a non-equilibrium system whose dynamics change in different brain states, such as wakefulness and deep sleep. Thermodynamics provides the tools for revealing these non-equilibrium dynamics. We used violations of the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-04-17 Gustavo Deco , Christopher Lynn , Yonatan Sanz Perl , Morten L. Kringelbach

Biological and social networks have recently attracted enormous attention between physicists. Among several, two main aspects may be stressed: A non trivial topology of the graph describing the mutual interactions between agents exists…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-19 Adriano Barra , Elena Agliari

Active matter generates order or patterns through nonequilibrium dynamics. An open research challenge is to determine how efficiently a nonequilibrium self-organising system can convert consumed energy into macroscopic order. We study an…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-05-07 Qianyang Chen , Mikhail Prokopenko

We compare two approaches to nonequilibrium thermodynamics, the two-generator bracket formulation of time-evolution equations for averages and the macroscopic fluctuation theory, for an isothermal driven diffusive system under steady state…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-11-10 Hans Christian Ottinger

We introduce thermodynamic networks, a general framework for autonomous, physics-based computation using non-equilibrium steady states. These networks are modeled as a collection of finite-size reservoirs that exchange conserved…

Across all scales of the physical world, dynamical systems can often be usefully represented as abstract networks that encode the system's units and inter-unit interactions. Understanding how physical rules shape the topological structure…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Abigail N. Poteshman , Mathieu Ouellet , Lee C. Bassett , Danielle S. Bassett

A thermodynamically motivated neural network model is described that self-organizes to transport charge associated with internal and external potentials while in contact with a thermal reservoir. The model integrates techniques for rapid,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-04-22 Todd Hylton

Coherent, large scale dynamics in many nonequilibrium physical, biological, or information transport networks are driven by small-scale local energy input. Here, we introduce and explore an analytically tractable nonlinear model for…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-07-19 Aden Forrow , Francis G. Woodhouse , Jörn Dunkel

We build a rigorous nonequilibrium thermodynamic description for open chemical reaction networks of elementary reactions. Their dynamics is described by deterministic rate equations satisfying mass action law. Our most general framework…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-01-13 Riccardo Rao , Massimiliano Esposito

Continuous attractors have been used to understand recent neuroscience experiments where persistent activity patterns encode internal representations of external attributes like head direction or spatial location. However, the conditions…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-01-01 Weishun Zhong , Zhiyue Lu , David J Schwab , Arvind Murugan

Constructing a thermodynamic framework for nonequilibrium systems remains a major challenge, as quantities such as temperature and free energy often become ambiguous when inferred solely from steady-state properties. Here we take a…

Information processing in the brain is coordinated by the dynamic activity of neurons and neural populations at a range of spatiotemporal scales. These dynamics, captured in the form of electrophysiological recordings and neuroimaging, show…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-27 Ramón Nartallo-Kaluarachchi , Morten L. Kringelbach , Gustavo Deco , Renaud Lambiotte , Alain Goriely

Most natural systems operate far from equilibrium, displaying time-asymmetric, irreversible dynamics characterized by a positive entropy production while exchanging energy and matter with the environment. Although stochastic thermodynamics…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-27 Miguel Aguilera , Masanao Igarashi , Hideaki Shimazaki

We introduce and study a new model of interacting neural networks, incorporating the spatial dimension (e.g. position of neurons across the cortex) and some learning processes. The dynamic of each neural network is described via the elapsed…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-09-03 Delphine Salort , Nicolas Torres

We present the design for a thermodynamic computer that can perform arbitrary nonlinear calculations in or out of equilibrium. Simple thermodynamic circuits, fluctuating degrees of freedom in contact with a thermal bath and confined by a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-08 Stephen Whitelam , Corneel Casert
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