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Boltzmann's ergodic hypothesis furnishes a possible explanation for the emergence of statistical mechanics in the framework of classical physics. In quantum mechanics, the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is instead generally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-04-08 Lorenzo Campos Venuti , Lawrence Liu

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a fundamental mechanism for emergent statistical mechanics in isolated chaotic quantum systems, asserting that individual energy eigenstates behave as pseudorandom vectors within an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Ning Sun , Yanting Cheng

The thermalization phenomenon and many-body quantum statistical properties are studied on the example of several observables in isolated spin-chain systems, both integrable and generic non-integrable ones. While diagonal matrix elements for…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-01-17 Robin Steinigeweg , Jacek Herbrych , Peter Prelovšek

We present exact results on a novel kind of emergent random matrix universality that quantum many-body systems at infinite temperature can exhibit. Specifically, we consider an ensemble of pure states supported on a small subsystem,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Wen Wei Ho , Soonwon Choi

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) insists that for nonintegrable systems each energy eigenstate accurately gives microcanonical expectation values for a class of observables. As a mechanism for ETH to hold, we show that the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-05-15 Takaaki Monnai

Understanding how out-of-equilibrium states thermalize under quantum unitary dynamics is an important problem in many-body physics. In this work, we propose a statistical ansatz for the matrix elements of non-equilibrium initial states in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-30 Laura Foini , Anatoly Dymarsky , Silvia Pappalardi

We study the matrix elements of local and nonlocal operators in the single-particle eigenstates of two paradigmatic quantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians; the quadratic Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK2) model and the three-dimensional Anderson…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-12-15 Patrycja Łydżba , Yicheng Zhang , Marcos Rigol , Lev Vidmar

It is a classical result of Wigner that for an hermitian matrix with independent entries on and above the diagonal, the mean empirical eigenvalue distribution converges weakly to the semicircle law as matrix size tends to infinity. In this…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-07-17 Katrin Hofmann-Credner , Michael Stolz

A quantum statistical system with energy dissipation is studied. Its statisitics is governed by random complex-valued non-Hermitean Hamiltonians belonging to complex Ginibre ensemble. The eigenenergies are shown to form stable structure in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Maciej M. Duras

Consider $D$ random systems that are modeled by independent $N\times N$ complex Hermitian Wigner matrices. Suppose they are lying on a circle and the neighboring systems interact with each other through a deterministic matrix $A$. We prove…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Bertrand Stone , Fan Yang , Jun Yin

We investigate off-diagonal matrix elements of local operators in integrable spin chains, focusing on the isotropic spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg chain ($XXX$ chain). We employ state-of-the-art Algebraic Bethe Ansatz results, which allow us to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-18 Federico Rottoli , Vincenzo Alba

We use field-theoretic methods to explore the statistics of eigenfunctions of the Floquet operator for a large family of Floquet random quantum circuits. The correlation function of the quasienergy eigenstates is calculated and shown to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-14 Yunxiang Liao , Victor Galitski

We investigate theoretically the emergence of classical statistical physics in a finite quantum system that is either totally isolated or otherwise subjected to a quantum measurement process. We show via a random matrix theory approach to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-23 Charlie Nation , Diego Porras

The strong eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a sufficient condition for thermalization and equilibration. Although it is expected to be hold in a wide class of highly chaotic theories, there are only a few analytic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-19 Taishi Kawamoto

Eigenstate thermalization refers to the property that an energy eigenstate of a many-body system is indistinguishable from a thermal equilibrium ensemble at the same energy as far as expectation values of local observables are concerned. In…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-25 Lennart Dabelow , Christian Eidecker-Dunkel , Peter Reimann

We compute exact asymptotic results for the probability of the occurrence of large deviations of the largest (smallest) eigenvalue of random matrices belonging to the Gaussian orthogonal, unitary and symplectic ensembles. In particular, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 David S. Dean , Satya N. Majumdar

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for translation invariant quantum spin systems has been proved recently by using random matrices. In this paper, we study the subsystem version of eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for translation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 Zhiqiang Huang , Xiao-Kan Guo

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) represents a cornerstone in the theoretical understanding of the emergence of thermal behavior in closed quantum systems. The ETH asserts that expectation values of simple observables in energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-15 Giorgio Cipolloni , Jonah Kudler-Flam

This review gives a pedagogical introduction to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), its basis, and its implications to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In the first part, ETH is introduced as a natural extension of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-02 Luca D'Alessio , Yariv Kafri , Anatoli Polkovnikov , Marcos Rigol

Despite the unitary evolution of closed quantum systems, long-time expectation of local observables are well described by thermal ensembles, providing the foundation of quantum statistical mechanics. A promising route to understanding this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Yuke Zhang , Pengfei Zhang