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The work reviews on a general level various modified Poisson-Boltzmann equations and demonstrates their use on the specific system of charged particles at an interface. This system is special, first, because it exhibits the long-range…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-11-14 Derek Frydel , Martin Oettel

In this study, we investigated the graphene-ionic liquid (EMImBF4) interface to clarify the effects of ambient temperature and potential on the differential capacitance. We complemented molecular dynamics simulations with density functional…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-05-16 Heigo Ers , Iuliia V. Voroshylova , Piret Pikma , Vladislav B. Ivaništšev

The Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) theory is widely used to depict ionic systems. As a mean-field theory, the PB theory neglects the correlation effect in the ionic atmosphere and leads to deviations from experimental results as the concentration…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-06-25 Mao Su , Zhijie Xu , Yanting Wang

Within the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) approach electrolytes in contact with planar, spherical, and cylindrical electrodes are analyzed systematically. The dependences of their capacitance $C$ on the surface charge density $\sigma$ and the ionic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-04-24 Andreas Reindl , Markus Bier , S. Dietrich

We study finite-difference approximations of both Poisson and Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) electrostatic energy functionals for periodic structures constrained by Gauss' law and a class of local algorithms for minimizing the finite-difference…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-25 Bo Li , Qian Yin , Shenggao Zhou

Understanding the electrical double layer (EDL), i.e, the distribution of electrolyte at an electrified interface, in concentrated electrolytes is important for various technologies, such as supercapacitors, batteries and electrocatalysis.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-01 Zachary A. H. Goodwin

Using molecular dynamics simulations with recently developed importance sampling methods, we show that the differential capacitance of a model ionic liquid based double-layer capacitor exhibits an anomalous dependence on the applied…

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) is an implicit solvent continuum model for calculating the electrostatic potential and energies of ionic solvated biomolecules. However, its numerical solution remains a significant challenge due strong…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Cleophas Kweyu , Venera Khoromskaia , Boris Khoromskij , Matthias Stein , Peter Benner

A parallel plate capacitor containing an electrolytic solution is the simplest model of a supercapacitor, or electric double layer capacitor. Using both analytical and numerical techniques, we solve the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations for…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-02 Ivan Palaia , Adelchi J. Asta , Megh Dutta , Patrick B. Warren , Benjamin Rotenberg , Emmanuel Trizac

We present a robust scheme for solving the electrokinetic equations. This goal is achieved by combining the lattice-Boltzmann method (LB) with a discrete solution of the convection-diffusion equation for the different charged and neutral…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Fabrizio Capuani , Ignacio Pagonabarraga , Daan Frenkel

The electric double layer is an important structure that appears at charged liquid interfaces, and it determines the performance of various electrochemical devices such as supercapacitors and electrokinetic energy converters. Here the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-08-15 Haruto Iwasaki , Yasuyuki Kimura , Yuki Uematsu

Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model is one of the most popular implicit solvent models in biophysical modeling and computation. The ability of providing accurate and reliable PB estimation of electrostatic solvation free energy, $\Delta…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-06-10 Duc D. Nguyen , Bao Wang , Guo-wei Wei

Machine learning models for the potential energy of multi-atomic systems, such as the deep potential (DP) model, make possible molecular simulations with the accuracy of quantum mechanical density functional theory, at a cost only…

Understanding the behavior of biomolecules such as proteins requires understanding the critical influence of the surrounding fluid (solvent) environment--water with mobile salt ions such as sodium. Unfortunately, for many studies, fully…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-27 J. P. Bardhan , D. A. Tejani , N. S. Wieckowski , A. Ramaswamy , M. G. Knepley

We assess the dielectrically consistent reference interaction site model (DRISM) as an implicit electrolyte framework for modeling the electrochemical double layer, and compare it with the Poisson-Boltzmann model and explicit molecular…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Alessandro Mangiameli , Christopher J. Stein

Temperature dependence of the capacitance of the electrical double layer (EDL) in concentrated electrolytes/ionic liquids has been under debates for decades. To rationalise the capacitance vs temperature dependence, we run molecular…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-05-26 Vladislav B Ivaništšev , Kathleen Kirchner , Maxim V. Fedorov

We propose a modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) model to investigate charge transport in electrolytes of inhomogeneous dielectric environment. The model includes the ionic polarization due to the dielectric inhomogeneity and the ion-ion…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Zhenli Xu , Manman Ma , Pei Liu

The problem of the one dimensional electro-diffusion of ions in a strong binary electrolyte is considered. In such a system the solute dissociates completely into two species of ions with unlike charges. The mathematical description…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2012-03-28 Sandip Ghosal , Zhen Chen

We derive a formally simple approximate analytical solution to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the spherical system via a geometric mapping. Its regime of applicability in the parameter space of the spherical radius and the surface…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-02-01 Zhenwei Yao , Mark J. Bowick , Xu Ma

In this paper within a field-theoretical approach taking into account explicitly a co-solvent with a nonzero dipole and a polarizability tensor, we derive a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Applying the modified Poisson-Boltzmann…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-09-02 Y. A. Budkov , A. L. Kolesnikov , M. G. Kiselev