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Effective code generation requires both model capability and a problem representation that carefully structures how models reason and plan. Existing approaches augment reasoning steps or inject specific structure into how models think, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Geonhui Jang , Dongyoon Han , YoungJoon Yoo

Foundational verification allows programmers to build software which has been empirically shown to have high levels of assurance in a variety of important domains. However, the cost of producing foundationally verified software remains…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Alex Sanchez-Stern , Yousef Alhessi , Lawrence Saul , Sorin Lerner

Semantic word embeddings represent the meaning of a word via a vector, and are created by diverse methods. Many use nonlinear operations on co-occurrence statistics, and have hand-tuned hyperparameters and reweighting methods. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Sanjeev Arora , Yuanzhi Li , Yingyu Liang , Tengyu Ma , Andrej Risteski

Large language models (LLMs) have displayed an impressive ability to harness natural language to perform complex tasks. In this work, we explore whether we can leverage this learned ability to find and explain patterns in data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Chandan Singh , John X. Morris , Jyoti Aneja , Alexander M. Rush , Jianfeng Gao

Reasoning methods such as chain-of-thought prompting and self-consistency have shown immense potential to improve the accuracy of large language models across various reasoning tasks. However such methods involve generation of lengthy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Disha Sheshanarayana , Tanishka Magar

We introduce a language generative model framework for generating a styled paragraph based on a context sentence and a style reference example. The framework consists of a style encoder and a texts decoder. The style encoder extracts a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Kuo-Hao Zeng , Mohammad Shoeybi , Ming-Yu Liu

Verifying fact-checking claims poses a significant challenge, even for humans. Recent approaches have demonstrated that decomposing claims into relevant questions to gather evidence enhances the efficiency of the fact-checking process. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Ritvik Setty , Vinay Setty

Current natural language systems designed for multi-step claim validation typically operate in two phases: retrieve a set of relevant premise statements using heuristics (planning), then generate novel conclusions from those statements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Zayne Sprague , Kaj Bostrom , Swarat Chaudhuri , Greg Durrett

Getting language models to reason correctly about code requires training on data where each reasoning step can be checked. Current synthetic Chain-of-Thought (CoT) training data often consists of plausible-sounding explanations generated by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shailja Thakur , Vaibhav Saxena , Rohan Kulkarni , Shivdeep Singh , Parameswaran Selvam , Hima Patel , Hiroshi Kanayama

Algorithmic reasoning refers to the ability to understand the complex patterns behind the problem and decompose them into a sequence of reasoning steps towards the solution. Such nature of algorithmic reasoning makes it a challenge for…

Legal texts routinely use concepts that are difficult to understand. Lawyers elaborate on the meaning of such concepts by, among other things, carefully investigating how have they been used in past. Finding text snippets that mention a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Jaromir Savelka , Kevin D. Ashley

Creating an essay based on a few given topics is a challenging NLP task. Although several effective methods for this problem, topic-to-essay generation, have appeared recently, there is still much room for improvement, especially in terms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Wang Qi , Rui Liu , Yuan Zuo , Yong Chen , Dell Zhang

Constructive type theory combines logic and programming in one language. This is useful both for reasoning about programs written in type theory, as well as for reasoning about other programming languages inside type theory. It is…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Philipp Jan Andries Stassen , Rasmus Ejlers Møgelberg , Maaike Zwart , Alejandro Aguirre , Lars Birkedal

Intelligent coding systems are transforming software development by enabling users to specify code behavior in natural language. However, the opaque decision-making of AI-driven coders raises trust and usability concerns, particularly for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Xiangzhe Xu , Shiwei Feng , Zian Su , Chengpeng Wang , Xiangyu Zhang

We develop an approach to estimate the probability that a program sampled from a large language model is correct. Given a natural language description of a programming problem, our method samples both candidate programs as well as candidate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Darren Key , Wen-Ding Li , Kevin Ellis

In programming by example, users "write" programs by generating a small number of input-output examples and asking the computer to synthesize consistent programs. We consider a challenging problem in this domain: learning regular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Long Ouyang

Transformer language models can generate strikingly natural text by modeling language as a sequence of tokens, but by relying primarily on surface-level co-occurrence statistics they fail to form globally consistent latent representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , James McClelland

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet they struggle with inconsistent reasoning, particularly in novel domains and complex logical sequences. This research introduces Proof of Thought, a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Debargha Ganguly , Srinivasan Iyengar , Vipin Chaudhary , Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

Unit testing represents the foundational basis of the software testing pyramid, beneath integration and end-to-end testing. Automated software testing researchers have proposed a variety of techniques to assist developers in this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Michele Tufano , Dawn Drain , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Neel Sundaresan

Large language models are increasingly capable of generating fluent-appearing text with relatively little task-specific supervision. But can these models accurately explain classification decisions? We consider the task of generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Sarah Wiegreffe , Jack Hessel , Swabha Swayamdipta , Mark Riedl , Yejin Choi