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Hawking radiation and black hole thermodynamics are well understood in the frameworks of quantum field theory and general relativity, with contemporary extensions in string theory, AdS/CFT, and loop quantum gravity. However, an open…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-22 Noah M. MacKay

In this work, we describe optically inspired models for unitary black hole (BH) evaporation. The goal of these models are (i) to be operationally simple, (ii) approximately preserve the thermal nature of the emitted Hawking Radiation (HR),…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-16 Paul M. Alsing

A paradigm describing black hole evaporation in non-perturbative quantum gravity is developed by combining two sets of detailed results: i) resolution of the Schwarzschild singularity using quantum geometry methods; and ii) time-evolution…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Abhay Ashtekar , Martin Bojowald

Black holes with sufficiently large initial charge and mass will Hawking-evaporate towards the extremal limit. The emission slows as the temperature approaches zero, but still reaches the point where a single Hawking quantum would make the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-22 Samuel E. Gralla

In a recent letter, the authors presented a unified derivation of the electric Schwinger effect and a generalized Hawking effect with an additional radiation component. The approach discloses a radial profile of black hole pair production…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-26 Michael F. Wondrak , Walter D. van Suijlekom , Heino Falcke

We employ the method of comparison equations to study the propagation of a massless minimally coupled scalar field on the Schwarzschild background. In particular, we show that this method allows us to obtain explicit approximate expressions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Roberto Casadio , Mattia Luzzi

The black hole information paradox is a long-standing problem in theoretical physics. Despite some recent progress, many issues remain open and should be clarified. In this paper, we study the information paradox of Kerr black holes and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-25 Jun Nian

In this paper, we extend the idea that the spectrum of Hawking radiation can reveal valuable information on a number of parameters that characterize a particular black hole background - such as the dimensionality of spacetime and the value…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 P. Kanti , J. Grain , A. Barrau

Many cosmological phenomena lead to the production of primordial black holes in the early Universe. These phenomena often create a population of black holes with extended mass and spin distributions. As these black holes evaporate via…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-01-10 Andrew Cheek , Lucien Heurtier , Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez , Jessica Turner

Black hole space times evaporate in discrete steps due to remarkably slow Hawking radiation. We here identify evaporation with essentially extremal states at the limit of quantum computation, performing $2.7\times 10^{79}$ bit calculations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-12 Maurice H. P. M. van Putten

Blackbody radiation, emitted from a furnace and described by a Planck spectrum, contains (on average) an entropy of $3.9\pm 2.5$ bits per photon. Since normal physical burning is a unitary process, this amount of entropy is compensated by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-05 Ana Alonso-Serrano , Matt Visser

We provide simple and accurate analytical expressions for the Regge poles of the Schwarzschild black hole. This is achieved by using third-order WKB approximations to solve the radial wave equations for spins 0, 1 and 2. These results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-03-12 Yves Décanini , Antoine Folacci

We introduce first a new road to quantize the Schwarzschild black hole. Then we find that the ground state or relic of the quantum evaporating black hole can be identified as dark matter.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-31 Liao Liu

We extend previous efforts to quantify the entanglement generated in Hawking's evaporation process by including rotation and thermal environments (e.g. the cosmic microwave background). Both extensions are needed to describe real black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-23 Ivan Agullo , Anthony J. Brady , Adrià Delhom , Dimitrios Kranas

The radiation rate of an evaporating black hole is calculated in a toy model in which the geometry outside the collapsing matter is described by a Vaidya metric. When back reaction consistency is imposed, the singularity in the blueshift…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Ring

This paper presents a concise review of the quantum tunneling approach to Hawking radiation, covering its theoretical foundations, extensions, and experimental efforts. We begin by outlining the Hamilton-Jacobi and Parikh-Wilczek methods,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-09 Sareh Eslamzadeh , Saheb Soroushfar

We propose a modified version of the Horowitz-Maldacena final-state boundary condition based upon a matter-radiation thermalization hypothesis on the Black Hole interior, which translates into a particular entangled state with thermal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Fabbri , A. Perez

This letter aims at showing that the observation of evaporating black holes should allow distinguishing between the usual Hawking behavior and Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) expectations. We present a full Monte-Carlo simulation of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-30 Aurelien Barrau , Xiangyu Cao , Jacobo Diaz-Polo , Julien Grain , Thomas Cailleteau

Unitarization of black hole evaporation requires that quantum information escapes a black hole; an important question is to identify the mechanism or channel by which it does so. Accurate counting of black hole states via the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-12-30 Steven B. Giddings

The exponential blueshift associated with the event horizon of a black hole makes conformal symmetry play a fundamental role in accounting for its thermal properties. Using a derivation based on two-point functions, we show that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-03 Ivan Agullo , Jose Navarro-Salas , Gonzalo J. Olmo , Leonard Parker