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Cryo-EM is an increasingly popular method for determining the atomic resolution 3D structure of macromolecular complexes (eg, proteins) from noisy 2D images captured by an electron microscope. The computational task is to reconstruct the 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Shayan Shekarforoush , David B. Lindell , Marcus A. Brubaker , David J. Fleet

Enhancing cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) 3D density maps at intermediate resolution (4-8 {\AA}) is crucial in protein structure determination. Recent advances in deep learning have led to the development of automated approaches for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Chenwei Zhang , Khanh Dao Duc

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a major experimental technique to determine the structures of large protein complexes and molecular assemblies, as evidenced by the 2017 Nobel Prize. Although cryo-EM has been drastically…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-01 Dong Si , Andrew Nakamura , Runbang Tang , Haowen Guan , Jie Hou , Ammaar Firozi , Renzhi Cao , Kyle Hippe , Minglei Zhao

The use of fluorescent molecules to create long sequences of low-density, diffraction-limited images enables highly-precise molecule localization. However, this methodology requires lengthy imaging times, which limits the ability to view…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Yair Ben Sahel , Yonina C. Eldar

Motivation: Cellular Electron CryoTomography (CECT) enables 3D visualization of cellular organization at near-native state and in sub-molecular resolution, making it a powerful tool for analyzing structures of macromolecular complexes and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-04-14 Min Xu , Xiaoqi Chai , Hariank Muthakana , Xiaodan Liang , Ge Yang , Tzviya Zeev-Ben-Mordehai , Eric Xing

Proteins encode diverse functions within complex three-dimensional structures, yet most deep learning representations remain highly entangled, obscuring the biophysical signals that underlie function. Here we introduce ProtDiS, a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-26 Mingqing Wang , Zhiwei Nie , Athanasios V. Vasilakos , Yonghong He , Zhixiang Ren

We investigate recurrent neural networks with asymmetric interactions and demonstrate that the inclusion of self-couplings or sparse excitatory inter-module connections leads to the emergence of a densely connected manifold of dynamically…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-01-01 Davide Badalotti , Carlo Baldassi , Marc Mézard , Mattia Scardecchia , Riccardo Zecchina

Determining the 3D structures of biological molecules is a key problem for both biology and medicine. Electron Cryomicroscopy (Cryo-EM) is a promising technique for structure estimation which relies heavily on computational methods to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-29 Ali Punjani , Marcus A. Brubaker

Recent developments in deep learning-based methods demonstrated its potential to predict the 3D protein structures using inputs such as protein sequences, Cryo-Electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) images of proteins, etc. However, these methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Jaydeep Rade , Soumik Sarkar , Anwesha Sarkar , Adarsh Krishnamurthy

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) remains pivotal in structural biology, yet the task of protein particle picking, integral for 3D protein structure construction, is laden with manual inefficiencies. While recent AI tools such as Topaz and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Fei He , Zhiyuan Yang , Mingyue Gao , Biplab Poudel , Newgin Sam Ebin Sam Dhas , Rajan Gyawali , Ashwin Dhakal , Jianlin Cheng , Dong Xu

Understanding the structure of a protein complex is crucial indetermining its function. However, retrieving accurate 3D structures from microscopy images is highly challenging, particularly as many imaging modalities are two-dimensional.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-18 Benjamin J. Blundell , Christian Sieben , Suliana Manley , Ed Rosten , QueeLim Ch'ng , Susan Cox

The prediction of protein 3D structure from amino acid sequence is a computational grand challenge in biophysics, and plays a key role in robust protein structure prediction algorithms, from drug discovery to genome interpretation. The…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-03 Hyun Park , Parth Patel , Roland Haas , E. A. Huerta

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) provides a unique opportunity to study the structural heterogeneity of biomolecules. Being able to explain this heterogeneity with atomic models would help our understanding of their functional…

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) has emerged as a powerful tool for studying the structural heterogeneity of proteins and their complexes, offering insights into macromolecular dynamics directly within cells. Driven by recent…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-01 Jackson Carrion , Joseph H. Davis

The goal of protein representation learning is to extract knowledge from protein databases that can be applied to various protein-related downstream tasks. Although protein sequence, structure, and function are the three key modalities for…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-14 Eunji Ko , Seul Lee , Minseon Kim , Dongki Kim

Dynamics of protein self-assembly on the inorganic surface and the resultant geometric patterns are visualized using high-speed atomic force microscopy. The time dynamics of the classical macroscopic descriptors such as 2D Fast Fourier…

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized experimental protein structure determination. Despite advances in high resolution reconstruction, a majority of cryo-EM experiments provide either a single state of the studied…

The Unfolded Protein Response is the cell mechanism for maintaining the balance of properly folded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum , the specialized cellular compartment. Although it is largely studied from a biological point of view,…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-05 Nicole Luchetti , Alessandro Loppini , Margherita Anna Grazia Matarrese , Letizia Chiodo , Simonetta Filippi

Structural dynamics of macromolecules is critical to their structural-function relationship. Cryogenic electron microscopy (CryoEM) provides snapshots of vitrified protein at different compositional and conformational states, and the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-27 Muyuan Chen , Muchen Li , Renjie Liao

Recent advances in protein structure prediction, such as AlphaFold, have demonstrated the power of deep neural architectures like the Evoformer for capturing complex spatial and evolutionary constraints on protein conformation. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Arielle Sanford , Shuo Sun , Christian B. Mendl