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Training generative machine learning models to produce synthetic tabular data has become a popular approach for enhancing privacy in data sharing. As this typically involves processing sensitive personal information, releasing either the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Georgi Ganev , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Ensuring data quality in machine learning (ML) systems has become increasingly complex as regulatory requirements expand. In the European Union (EU), frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Artificial…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yichun Wang , Kristina Irion , Paul Groth , Hazar Harmouch

It has become increasingly challenging for firms to comply with a plethora of novel digital regulations. This is especially true for smaller businesses that often lack both the resources and know-how to draft complex legal documents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Luka Nenadic , David Rodriguez

Big data has become a great asset for many organizations, promising improved operations and new business opportunities. However, big data has increased access to sensitive information that when processed can directly jeopardize the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Nils Gruschka , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Kamer Vishi , Meiko Jensen

Today's massive scale of data collection coupled with recent surges of consumer data leaks has led to increased attention towards data privacy and related risks. Conventional data privacy protection systems focus on reducing custodial risk…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Usmann Khan , Lun Wang , Jithendaraa Subramanian , Joseph P. Near , Dawn Song

Since GDPR went into effect in 2018, many other data protection and privacy regulations have been released. With the new regulation, there has been an associated increase in industry professionals focused on data protection and privacy.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Thomas Şerban von Davier , Konrad Kollnig , Reuben Binns , Max Van Kleek , Nigel Shadbolt

Modern privacy regulations provide a strict mandate for data processing entities to implement appropriate technical measures to demonstrate compliance. In practice, determining what measures are indeed "appropriate" is not trivial,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Oleksandra Klymenko , Stephen Meisenbacher , Florian Matthes

Privacy law and regulation have turned to "consent" as the legitimate basis for collecting and processing individuals' data. As governments have rushed to enshrine consent requirements in their privacy laws, such as the California Consumer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Aniket Kesari , Travis Breaux , Tom Norton , Sarah Santos , Anmol Singhal

The new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will take effect in May 2018, and hence, designing compliant data protection policies and system architectures became crucial for organizations to avoid penalties. Unfortunately, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Vinh Thong Ta

Modern privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), address privacy in software systems in a technologically agnostic way by mentioning general "technical measures" for data privacy compliance rather than…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Oleksandra Klymenko , Oleksandr Kosenkov , Stephen Meisenbacher , Parisa Elahidoost , Daniel Mendez , Florian Matthes

The explosive growth of machine learning has made it a critical infrastructure in the era of artificial intelligence. The extensive use of data poses a significant threat to individual privacy. Various countries have implemented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Hengzhu Liu , Ping Xiong , Tianqing Zhu , Philip S. Yu

Machine learning based classifiers that take a privacy policy as the input and predict relevant concepts are useful in different applications such as (semi-)automated compliance analysis against requirements of the EU GDPR. In all past…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Peng Tang , Xin Li , Yuxin Chen , Weidong Qiu , Haochen Mei , Allison Holmes , Fenghua Li , Shujun Li

Context: Consistent requirements and system specifications are essential for the compliance of software systems towards the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Both artefacts need to be grounded in the original text and conjointly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Oleksandr Kosenkov , Ehsan Zabardast , Davide Fucci , Daniel Mendez , Michael Unterkalmsteiner

The application of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has significantly affected privacy requirements elicitation, modelling, and verification in Software Engineering (SE). One of the affected areas is requirements visualisation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Evangelia Vanezi , Georgia M. Kapitsaki , Anna Philippou

Since its implementation in May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has prompted businesses to revisit and revise their data handling practices to ensure compliance. The privacy policy, which serves as the primary means of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Lu Zhang , Nabil Moukafih , Hamad Alamri , Gregory Epiphaniou , Carsten Maple

We study the overall process of automatic formalization of GDPR provisions using large language models, within a human-in-the-loop verification framework. Rather than aiming for full autonomy, we adopt a role-specialized workflow in which…

Since GDPR came into force in May 2018, companies have worked on their data practices to comply with this privacy law. In particular, since the privacy policy is the essential communication channel for users to understand and control their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Tamjid Al Rahat , Tu Le , Yuan Tian

Compliance with the GDPR privacy regulation places a significant burden on organisations regarding the handling of personal data. The perceived efforts and risks of complying with the GDPR further increase when data processing activities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 L. Thomas van Binsbergen , Marten C. Steketee , Milen G. Kebede , Heleen L. Janssen , Tom M. van Engers

When building machine learning models using sensitive data, organizations should ensure that the data processed in such systems is adequately protected. For projects involving machine learning on personal data, Article 35 of the GDPR…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Sasi Kumar Murakonda , Reza Shokri

Data-driven applications and services have been increasingly deployed in all aspects of life including healthcare and medical services in which a huge amount of personal data is collected, aggregated, and processed in a centralised server…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Naila Azam , Anna Lito Michala , Shuja Ansari , Nguyen Truong