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We define a general formulation of quantum PCPs, which captures adaptivity and multiple unentangled provers, and give a detailed construction of the quantum reduction to a local Hamiltonian with a constant promise gap. The reduction turns…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Harry Buhrman , Jonas Helsen , Jordi Weggemans

Generating large, non-trivial quantum chemistry test problems with known ground-state solutions remains a core challenge for benchmarking electronic structure methods. Inspired by planted-solution techniques from combinatorial optimization,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Linjun Wang , Joshua T. Cantin , Smik Patel , Ignacio Loaiza , Rick Huang , Artur F. Izmaylov

We investigate the power of quantum systems for the simulation of Hamiltonian time evolutions on a cubic lattice under the constraint of translational invariance. Given a set of translationally invariant local Hamiltonians and short range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Christina V. Kraus , Michael M. Wolf , J. Ignacio Cirac

Is it possible to prove that the properties of Hamiltonians, such as the ground state energy, results of dynamical evolution, or thermal state expectation values, can be efficiently calculated when the Hamiltonians have physically motivated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-04 Alastair Kay

Ground states of local Hamiltonians are of key interest in many-body physics and also in quantum information processing. Efficient verification of these states are crucial to many applications, but very challenging. Here we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Huangjun Zhu , Yunting Li , Tianyi Chen

The existence of a spectral gap above the ground state has far-reaching consequences for the low-energy physics of a quantum many-body system. A recent work of Movassagh [R. Movassagh, PRL 119 (2017), 220504] shows that a spatially random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Marius Lemm

Estimating the ground state energy of a local Hamiltonian is a central problem in quantum chemistry. In order to further investigate its complexity and the potential of quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry, Gharibian and Le Gall (STOC…

A universal family of Hamiltonians can be used to simulate any local Hamiltonian by encoding its full spectrum as the low-energy subspace of a Hamiltonian from the family. Many spin-lattice model Hamiltonians -- such as Heisenberg or XY…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-08 Leo Zhou , Dorit Aharonov

We study the complexity of the Local Hamiltonian Problem (denoted as LH-MIN) in the special case when a Hamiltonian obeys conditions of the Perron-Frobenius theorem: all off-diagonal matrix elements in the standard basis are real and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-25 Sergey Bravyi , David P. DiVincenzo , Roberto I. Oliveira , Barbara M. Terhal

Traditional quantum physics solves ground states for a given Hamiltonian, while quantum information science asks for the existence and construction of certain Hamiltonians for given ground states. In practical situations, one would be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Jianxin Chen , Zhengfeng Ji , Bei Zeng , D. L. Zhou

We study the complexity of a class of problems involving satisfying constraints which remain the same under translations in one or more spatial directions. In this paper, we show hardness of a classical tiling problem on an N x N…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-25 Daniel Gottesman , Sandy Irani

One of the main challenges in the field of quantum simulation and computation is to identify ways to certify the correct functioning of a device when a classical efficient simulation is not available. Important cases are situations in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-14 D. Hangleiter , M. Kliesch , M. Schwarz , J. Eisert

The k-local Hamiltonian problem is a natural complete problem for the complexity class QMA, the quantum analog of NP. It is similar in spirit to MAX-k-SAT, which is NP-complete for k<=2. It was known that the problem is QMA-complete for any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Julia Kempe , Alexei Kitaev , Oded Regev

We show that the Guided Local Hamiltonian problem for stoquastic Hamiltonians is (promise) BPP-hard. The Guided Local Hamiltonian problem extends the Local Hamiltonian problem by incorporating an additional input known as a guiding state,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Gabriel Waite

For any local Hamiltonian H, I construct a local CPT map and stopping condition which converges to the ground state subspace of H. Like any ground state preparation algorithm, this algorithm necessarily has exponential run-time in general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-25 Toby S. Cubitt

We consider the computational complexity of Hamiltonians which are sums of commuting terms acting on plaquettes in a square lattice of qubits, and we show that deciding whether the ground state minimizes the energy of each local term…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-29 Norbert Schuch

The local Hamiltonian problem plays the equivalent role of SAT in quantum complexity theory. Understanding the complexity of the intermediate case in which the constraints are quantum but all local terms in the Hamiltonian commute, is of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-18 Dorit Aharonov , Lior Eldar

Quantum computing involving physical systems with continuous degrees of freedom, such as the quantum states of light, has recently attracted significant interest. However, a well-defined quantum complexity theory for these bosonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Ulysse Chabaud , Michael Joseph , Saeed Mehraban , Arsalan Motamedi

In this paper, we consider spin systems in three spatial dimensions, and prove that the local Hamiltonian problem for 3D lattices with face-centered cubic unit cells, 4-local translationally-invariant interactions between spin-3/2 particles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-27 Johannes Bausch , Stephen Piddock

We describe an efficient approximation algorithm for evaluating the ground-state energy of the classical Ising Hamiltonian with linear terms on an arbitrary planar graph. The running time of the algorithm grows linearly with the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-16 Nikhil Bansal , Sergey Bravyi , Barbara M. Terhal