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Related papers: Negation in Cognitive Reasoning

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We propose Neural Reasoner, a framework for neural network-based reasoning over natural language sentences. Given a question, Neural Reasoner can infer over multiple supporting facts and find an answer to the question in specific forms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-25 Baolin Peng , Zhengdong Lu , Hang Li , Kam-Fai Wong

We propose a large language model explainability technique for obtaining faithful natural language explanations by grounding the explanations in a reasoning process. When converted to a sequence of tokens, the outputs of the reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Vojtech Cahlik , Rodrigo Alves , Pavel Kordik

With the increasing empirical success of distributional models of compositional semantics, it is timely to consider the types of textual logic that such models are capable of capturing. In this paper, we address shortcomings in the ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-06-11 Karl Moritz Hermann , Edward Grefenstette , Phil Blunsom

Language provides speakers with a rich system of modality for expressing thoughts about events, without being committed to their actual occurrence. Modality is commonly used in the political news domain, where both actual and possible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Sander Bijl de Vroe , Liane Guillou , Miloš Stanojević , Nick McKenna , Mark Steedman

Abductive reasoning is a popular non-monotonic paradigm that aims to explain observed symptoms and manifestations. It has many applications, such as diagnosis and planning in artificial intelligence and database updates. In propositional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Johannes Schmidt , Mohamed Maizia , Victor Lagerkvist , Johannes K. Fichte

We propose Cognitive Databases, an approach for transparently enabling Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities in relational databases. A novel aspect of our design is to first view the structured data source as meaningful unstructured…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Rajesh Bordawekar , Bortik Bandyopadhyay , Oded Shmueli

Reasoning is a crucial part of natural language argumentation. To comprehend an argument, one must analyze its warrant, which explains why its claim follows from its premises. As arguments are highly contextualized, warrants are usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Ivan Habernal , Henning Wachsmuth , Iryna Gurevych , Benno Stein

Qualitative relationships illustrate how changing one property (e.g., moving velocity) affects another (e.g., kinetic energy) and constitutes a considerable portion of textual knowledge. Current approaches use either semantic parsers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Mucheng Ren , Heyan Huang , Yang Gao

Termination of logic programs with negated body atoms (here called general logic programs) is an important topic. One reason is that many computational mechanisms used to process negated atoms, like Clark's negation as failure and Chan's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 E. Marchiori

Computational metacognition represents a cognitive systems perspective on high-order reasoning in integrated artificial systems that seeks to leverage ideas from human metacognition and from metareasoning approaches in artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Michael Cox , Zahiduddin Mohammad , Sravya Kondrakunta , Ventaksamapth Raja Gogineni , Dustin Dannenhauer , Othalia Larue

Generating logical form equivalents of human language is a fresh way to employ neural architectures where long short-term memory effectively captures dependencies in both encoder and decoder units. The logical form of the sequence usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Javid Dadashkarimi , Sekhar Tatikonda

The introduction of explicit notions of rejection, or disbelief, into logics for knowledge representation can be justified in a number of ways. Motivations range from the need for versions of negation weaker than classical negation, to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Samir Chopra , Johannes Heidema , Thomas Meyer

SNePS is a logic- and network- based knowledge representation, reasoning, and acting system, based on a monotonic, paraconsistent, first-order term logic, with compositional intensional semantics. It has an ATMS-style facility for belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Stuart C. Shapiro , Frances L. Johnson

The logical negation property (LNP), which implies generating different predictions for semantically opposite inputs, is an important property that a trustworthy language model must satisfy. However, much recent evidence shows that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Myeongjun Jang , Frank Mtumbuka , Thomas Lukasiewicz

We show the functional completeness for the connectives of the non-trivial negation inconsistent logic C by using a well-established method implementing purely proof-theoretic notions only. Firstly, given that C contains a strong negation,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Sara Ayhan , Hrafn Valtýr Oddsson

Natural language understanding (NLU) of text is a fundamental challenge in AI, and it has received significant attention throughout the history of NLP research. This primary goal has been studied under different tasks, such as Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Daniel Khashabi

Understanding and solving complex reasoning tasks is vital for addressing the information needs of a user. Although dense neural models learn contextualised embeddings, they still underperform on queries containing negation. To understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Roxana Petcu , Samarth Bhargav , Maarten de Rijke , Evangelos Kanoulas

Automated fact checking systems have been proposed that quickly provide veracity prediction at scale to mitigate the negative influence of fake news on people and on public opinion. However, most studies focus on veracity classifiers of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Shih-Chieh Dai , Yi-Li Hsu , Aiping Xiong , Lun-Wei Ku

The increasing incorporation of Artificial Intelligence in the form of automated systems into decision-making procedures highlights not only the importance of decision theory for automated systems but also the need for these decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Tarek R. Besold , Sara L. Uckelman

When we communicate with other humans, we do not simply generate a sequence of words. Rather, we use our cognitive state (beliefs, desires, intentions) and our model of the audience's cognitive state to create utterances that affect the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Magdalena Markowska , Mohammad Taghizadeh , Adil Soubki , Seyed Abolghasem Mirroshandel , Owen Rambow