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We introduce a new measure for fair and meaningful comparisons of single-valued output from artificial intelligence based weather prediction (AIWP) and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, called potential continuous ranked…

We investigate the performance and sampling variability of estimated forecast combinations, with particular attention given to the combination of forecast distributions. Unknown parameters in the forecast combination are optimized according…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-07 Ryan Zischke , Gael M. Martin , David T. Frazier , D. S. Poskitt

In this paper, we study a bi-criterion framework for assessing scoring functions in the context of binary classification. The positive and negative predictive values (ppv and npv, respectively) are conditional probabilities of the true…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-13 Keshav Vemuri , Nathan Srebro

We compare probabilistic predictions of extreme temperature anomalies issued by two different forecast schemes. One is a dynamical physical weather model, the other a simple data model. We recall the concept of skill scores in order to…

Applications · Statistics 2013-12-17 Stefan Siegert , Jochen Broecker , Holger Kantz

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a prominent representation of probability distributions with tractable inference. While parameter learning in PCs is rigorously studied, structure learning is often more based on heuristics than on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Yang Yang , Gennaro Gala , Robert Peharz

This paper proposes a novel asymmetric continuous probabilistic score (ACPS) for evaluating and comparing density forecasts. It extends the proposed score and defines a weighted version, which emphasizes regions of interest, such as the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-02 Matteo Iacopini , Francesco Ravazzolo , Luca Rossini

Recent years have seen increasing efforts to forecast infectious disease burdens, with a primary goal being to help public health workers make informed policy decisions. However, there has only been limited discussion of how predominant…

Applications · Statistics 2024-03-06 Aaron Gerding , Nicholas G. Reich , Benjamin Rogers , Evan L. Ray

The rapid advancement and widespread adoption of machine learning-driven technologies have underscored the practical and ethical need for creating interpretable artificial intelligence systems. Feature importance, a method that assigns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Nimrod Harel , Uri Obolski , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

Probabilistic forecasts are becoming more and more available. How should they be used and communicated? What are the obstacles to their use in practice? I review experience with five problems where probabilistic forecasting played an…

Applications · Statistics 2014-08-22 Adrian E. Raftery

Ensemble forecasting of nonlinear systems involves the use of a model to run forward a discrete ensemble (or set) of initial states. Data assimilation techniques tend to focus on estimating the true state of the system, even though model…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2012-07-19 Reason L. Machete , Irene M. Moroz

Predictions of the uncertainty associated with extreme events are a vital component of any prediction system for such events. Consequently, the prediction system ought to be probabilistic in nature, with the predictions taking the form of…

Applications · Statistics 2012-10-26 Petra Friederichs , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir

Machine learning is increasingly used to guide branch-and-cut (B&C) for mixed-integer linear programming by learning score-based policies for selecting branching variables and cutting planes. Many approaches train on local signals from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Hongyu Cheng , Amitabh Basu

Rankings are central to decision-making in fields ranging from education to online platforms, yet classical deterministic methods such as the Borda count method or Copeland-type pairwise methods ignore uncertainty due to sampling noise or…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Shunpu Zhang

Outlier detection algorithms typically assign an outlier score to each observation in a dataset, indicating the degree to which an observation is an outlier. However, these scores are often not comparable across algorithms and can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Philipp Röchner , Henrique O. Marques , Ricardo J. G. B. Campello , Arthur Zimek , Franz Rothlauf

Probability forecasts for binary outcomes, often referred to as probabilistic classifiers or confidence scores, are ubiquitous in science and society, and methods for evaluating and comparing them are in great demand. We propose and study a…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-27 Timo Dimitriadis , Tilmann Gneiting , Alexander I. Jordan , Peter Vogel

Propensity score matching is a tool for causal inference in non-randomized studies that allows for conditioning on large sets of covariates. The use of propensity scores in the social sciences is currently experiencing a tremendous…

Applications · Statistics 2012-02-01 Felix Thoemmes

Off-policy learning, referring to the procedure of policy optimization with access only to logged feedback data, has shown importance in various real-world applications, such as search engines, recommender systems, and etc. While the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Xiaoying Zhang , Junpu Chen , Hongning Wang , Hong Xie , Yang Liu , John C. S. Lui , Hang Li

This paper shows that sequential statistical analysis techniques can be generalised to the problem of selecting between alternative forecasting methods using scoring rules. A return to basic principles is necessary in order to show that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-15 David T. Frazier , Donald S. Poskitt

Probabilistic programs encode stochastic models as ordinary-looking programs with primitives for sampling numbers from predefined distributions and conditioning. Their applications include, among many others, machine learning and modeling…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dominik Geißler , Tobias Winkler

We consider a setting where in a known future time, a certain continuous random variable will be realized. There is a public prediction that gradually converges to its realized value, and an expert that has access to a more accurate…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Amir Ban , Yossi Azar , Yishay Mansour