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Continuous-variable (CV) cluster states are a universal resource for fault-tolerant quantum computation when supplemented with the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) bosonic code. We generalize the recently introduced subsystem decomposition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-09 Giacomo Pantaleoni , Ben Q. Baragiola , Nicolas C. Menicucci

Hybrid oscillator-qubit processors have recently demonstrated high-fidelity control of both continuous- and discrete-variable information processing. However, most of the quantum algorithms remain limited to homogeneous quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Jungsoo Hong , Seong Ho Kim , Seung Kyu Min , Joonsuk Huh

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code is an exciting route to fault-tolerant quantum computing since Gaussian resources and GKP Pauli-eigenstate preparation are sufficient to achieve universal quantum computing. In this work, we provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Mackenzie H. Shaw , Andrew C. Doherty , Arne L. Grimsmo

We examine the performance of the single-mode GKP code and its concatenation with the toric code for a noise model of Gaussian shifts, or displacement errors. We show how one can optimize the tracking of errors in repeated noisy error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Christophe Vuillot , Hamed Asasi , Yang Wang , Leonid P. Pryadko , Barbara M. Terhal

It has been demonstrated that the critical point of the phase transition in scalar quantum field theory with a quartic interaction in one space dimension can be approximated via a Gaussian Effective Potential (GEP). We discuss how this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Shane Thompson , George Siopsis

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes are known to achieve optimal rates under displacement noise and pure loss channels, which establishes theoretical foundations for its optimality. However, such optimal rates are only known to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Mahadevan Subramanian , Guo Zheng , Liang Jiang

Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes are a promising candidate for implementing fault tolerant quantum computation in quantum harmonic oscillator systems such as superconducting resonators, optical photons and trapped ions, and in recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Jonathan Conrad , Ansgar G. Burchards , Steven T. Flammia

The choice between the Schroedinger and Heisenberg pictures can significantly impact the computational resources needed to solve a problem, even though they are equivalent formulations of quantum mechanics. Here we present a method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Timothy C Ralph , Matthew Winnel , S Nibedita Swain , Ryan J Marshman

Recent advancements in multi-mode Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes have shown great promise in enhancing the protection of both discrete and analog quantum information. This broadened range of protection brings opportunities beyond…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Anthony J. Brady , Jing Wu , Quntao Zhuang

We present the first detailed simulation of a measurement based quantum computation based on Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubits within a quad-rail lattice (QRL) cluster state involving over 100 GKP modes. This was enabled by the…

The performance of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes, an approach to hardware-efficient quantum error correction, is limited by the finite squeezing capabilities of current experimental platforms. To circumvent this hardware demand, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Gui-Zhong Luo , Matthew Otten

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code, being information theoretically near optimal for quantum communication over Gaussian thermal-loss optical channels, is likely to be the encoding of choice for advanced quantum networks of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Mohadeseh Azari , Paul Polakos , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill encoding of a qubit in a harmonic oscillator is a promising building block towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Recently, this encoding was experimentally demonstrated for the first time in trapped-ion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-07 Jacob Hastrup , Ulrik Lund Andersen

We ask how much energy is required to weakly simulate an $n$-qubit quantum circuit (i.e., produce samples from its output distribution) by a unitary circuit in a hybrid qubit-oscillator model. The latter consists of a certain number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Lukas Brenner , Beatriz Dias , Robert Koenig

Quantum error-correcting codes are constructed that embed a finite-dimensional code space in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of a system described by continuous quantum variables. These codes exploit the noncommutative geometry of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Daniel Gottesman , Alexei Kitaev , John Preskill

Continuous-variable cluster states (CVCSs) can be supplemented with Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states to form a hybrid cluster state with the power to execute universal, fault-tolerant quantum computing in a measurement-based fashion.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-09 Giacomo Pantaleoni , Ben Q. Baragiola , Nicolas C. Menicucci

Bosonic codes allow the encoding of a logical qubit in a single component device, utilizing the infinitely large Hilbert space of a harmonic oscillator. In particular, the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code has recently been demonstrated to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Matteo Puviani , Sangkha Borah , Remmy Zen , Jan Olle , Florian Marquardt

We analyze and further develop a new method to represent the quantum state of a system of $n$ qubits in a phase space grid of $N\times N$ points (where $N=2^n$). The method, which was recently proposed by Wootters and co--workers (Gibbons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Juan Pablo Paz , Augusto Jose Roncaglia , Marcos Saraceno

Continuous-variable quantum-computing (CVQC) is the most scalable implementation of QC to date but requires non-Gaussian resources to allow exponential speedup and quantum correction, using error encoding such as Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Miller Eaton , Rajveer Nehra , Olivier Pfister

In a continuous-variable optical system, the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit is a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation. To implement non-Clifford operations on GKP qubits, non-Gaussian operations are required. In…

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