Related papers: Integer Division by Constants: Optimal Bounds
For two sets $A$ and $M$ of positive integers and for a positive integer $n$, let $p(n,A,M)$ denote the number of partitions of $n$ with parts in $A$ and multiplicities in $M$, that is, the number of representations of $n$ in the form…
The Boolean product $R = P \cdot Q$ of two $\{ 0, 1\} \; m \times m \; $ matrices is $$R(j,k) = 1 \; \mathrm{\ IF\ for\ some\ } \; t \; \,P(j, t) = Q(t, k) = 1\; \; \mathrm{ELSE\ } \, R(j, k) = 0. $$ The near-optimal design reduces the…
We give a relatively short proof of one of the central cases of the main theorem from the paper "The distribution of integers with a divisor in a given interval", math.NT/0401223. Namely, we determine the order of magnitude of the number of…
In 1882 J.J. Sylvester already proved, that the number of different ways to partition a positive integer into consecutive positive integers exactly equals the number of odd divisors of that integer (see [1]). We will now develop an…
Quantum circuits for mathematical functions such as division are necessary to use quantum computers for scientific computing. Quantum circuits based on Clifford+T gates can easily be made fault-tolerant but the T gate is very costly to…
In this note, we represent integers in a type of factoradic notation. Rather than use the corresponding Lehmer code, we will view integers as permutations. Given a pair of integers n and k, we give a formula for n mod k in terms of the…
Let $n = \mathrm{p}\!\cdot\!\mathrm{q}$ (p < q) and $\Delta = \lvert p-q \rvert$, where p,q are odd integers, then, it is hypothesized that factorizing this composite n will take O(1) time once the steady state value is reached for any…
The k-means algorithm is a well-known method for partitioning n points that lie in the d-dimensional space into k clusters. Its main features are simplicity and speed in practice. Theoretically, however, the best known upper bound on its…
We study optimal perfect distinguishability between a unitary and a general quantum operation. In 2-dimensional case we provide a simple sufficient and necessary condition for sequential perfect distinguishability and an analytical formula…
Systems of linear equations are employed almost universally across a wide range of disciplines, from physics and engineering to biology, chemistry and statistics. Traditional solution methods such as Gaussian elimination become very time…
Integer programming (IP) is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that is widely used to represent a diverse set of real-world problems spanning multiple fields, such as finance, engineering, logistics, and operations research. It…
A unitary divisor $c$ of a positive integer $n$ is a positive divisor of $n$ that is relatively prime to $\displaystyle{\frac{n}{c}}$. For any integer $k$, the function $\sigma_k^*$ is a multiplicative arithmetic function defined so that…
This work formalizes efficient Fast Fourier-based multiplication algorithms for polynomials in quotient rings such as $\mathbb{Z}_{m}[x]/\left<x^{n}-a\right>$, with $n$ a power of 2 and $m$ a non necessarily prime integer. We also present a…
Let $f_1,\dots,f_k\in\mathbb{R}[X]$ be polynomials of degree at most $d$ with $f_1(0)=\dots=f_k(0)=0$. We show that there is an integer $n<x$ such that the fractional parts $\|f_i(n)\|\ll x^{c/k}$ for all $1\le i\le k$ and for some constant…
We believe we have made progress in the age-old problem of divisibility rules for integers. Universal divisibility rule is introduced for any divisor in any base number system. The divisibility criterion is written down explicitly as a…
For a fixed positive integer $m$ and any partition $m = m_1 + m_2 + \cdots + m_e$ , there exists a sequence $\{n_{i}\}_{i=1}^{k}$ of positive integers such that $$m=\frac{1}{n_{1}}+\frac{1}{n_{2}}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n_{k}},$$ with the property…
Classical simulators play a major role in the development and benchmark of quantum algorithms and practically any software framework for quantum computation provides the option of running the algorithms on simulators. However, the…
Let $q_1, \ldots , q_t$ be distinct prime numbers. Let $a_1, \ldots , a_t$ be nonnegative integers and $x$ a positive integer. We establish an effective lower bound for the greatest prime divisor of $|x^2 - q_1^{a_1} \ldots q_t^{a_t}|$,…
A distributed machine learning platform needs to recruit many heterogeneous worker nodes to finish computation simultaneously. As a result, the overall performance may be degraded due to straggling workers. By introducing redundancy into…
Recent advancements in quantum annealing hardware and numerous studies in this area suggests that quantum annealers have the potential to be effective in solving unconstrained binary quadratic programming problems. Naturally, one may desire…