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Related papers: A spectral adjustment for spatial confounding

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Studies investigating the causal effects of spatially varying exposures on outcomes often rely on observational and spatially indexed data. A prevalent challenge is unmeasured spatial confounding, where an unobserved spatially varying…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-19 Sophie M. Woodward , Mauricio Tec , Francesca Dominici

Spatial confounding poses a significant challenge in scientific studies involving spatial data, where unobserved spatial variables can influence both treatment and outcome, possibly leading to spurious associations. To address this problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Mauricio Tec , Ana Trisovic , Michelle Audirac , Sophie Woodward , Jie Kate Hu , Naeem Khoshnevis , Francesca Dominici

Many high-dimensional data sets suffer from hidden confounding which affects both the predictors and the response of interest. In such situations, standard regression methods or algorithms lead to biased estimates. This paper substantially…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-17 Cyrill Scheidegger , Zijian Guo , Peter Bühlmann

Eliminating the effect of confounding in observational studies typically involves fitting a model for an outcome adjusted for covariates. When, as often, these covariates are high-dimensional, this necessitates the use of sparse estimators…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-26 Oliver Dukes , Stijn Vansteelandt

In causal inference, sensitivity models assess how unmeasured confounders could alter causal analyses, but the sensitivity parameter -- which quantifies the degree of unmeasured confounding -- is often difficult to interpret. For this…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-04 Alec McClean , Zach Branson , Edward H. Kennedy

Estimates of the effects of treatment on cost from observational studies are subject to bias if there are unmeasured confounders. It is therefore advisable in practice to assess the potential magnitude of such biases. We derive a general…

Applications · Statistics 2014-01-09 Elizabeth A. Handorf , Justin E. Bekelman , Daniel F. Heitjan , Nandita Mitra

The deconfounder was proposed as a method for estimating causal parameters in a context with multiple causes and unobserved confounding. It is based on recovery of a latent variable from the observed causes. We disentangle the causal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-04 Jeffrey Adams , Niels Richard Hansen

Statistical inferences for high-dimensional regression models have been extensively studied for their wide applications ranging from genomics, neuroscience, to economics. However, in practice, there are often potential unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-12 Jing Ouyang , Kean Ming Tan , Gongjun Xu

Identifying effects of actions (treatments) on outcome variables from observational data and causal assumptions is a fundamental problem in causal inference. This identification is made difficult by the presence of confounders which can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-03-19 Ilya Shpitser , Tyler VanderWeele , James M. Robins

We investigate spatial confounding in the presence of multivariate disease dependence. In the "analysis model perspective" of spatial confounding, adding a spatially dependent random effect can lead to significant variance inflation of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-13 Kyle Lin Wu , Sudipto Banerjee

Identification of treatment effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding is a persistent problem in the social, biological, and medical sciences. The problem of unmeasured confounding in settings with multiple treatments is most common…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-12 Wang Miao , Wenjie Hu , Elizabeth L. Ogburn , Xiaohua Zhou

Spatial confounding is a common issue in spatial regression models, occurring when spatially varying covariates correlate with the spatial effect included in the model. This dependence, particularly at high spatial frequencies, can…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-16 Isa Marques , Paul F. V. Wiemann

1 - Spatial confounding is a phenomenon that has been studied extensively in recent years in the statistical literature to describe and mitigate apparent inconsistencies between the results obtained by regression models with and without…

This research addresses the challenge of conducting interpretable causal inference between a binary treatment and its resulting outcome when not all confounders are known. Confounders are factors that have an influence on both the treatment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sohaib Kiani , Jared Barton , Jon Sushinsky , Lynda Heimbach , Bo Luo

Recently, interest has grown in the use of proxy variables of unobserved confounding for inferring the causal effect in the presence of unmeasured confounders from observational data. One difficulty inhibiting the practical use is finding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Feng Xie , Zhengming Chen , Shanshan Luo , Wang Miao , Ruichu Cai , Zhi Geng

Spatial confounding is how is called the confounding between fixed and spatial random effects. It has been widely studied and it gained attention in the past years in the spatial statistics literature, as it may generate unexpected results…

This paper addresses the asymptotic performance of popular spatial regression estimators of the linear effect of an exposure on an outcome under ``spatial confounding" -- the presence of an unmeasured spatially-structured variable…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-19 Brian Gilbert , Elizabeth L. Ogburn , Abhirup Datta

The concept of spatial confounding is closely connected to spatial regression, although no general definition has been established. A generally accepted idea of spatial confounding in spatial regression models is the change in fixed effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-27 A. Urdangarin , T. Goicoa , M. D. Ugarte

Propensity score matching is a common tool for adjusting for observed confounding in observational studies, but is known to have limitations in the presence of unmeasured confounding. In many settings, researchers are confronted with…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-08 Georgia Papadogeorgou , Christine Choirat , Corwin Zigler

Residuals in regression models are often spatially correlated. Prominent examples include studies in environmental epidemiology to understand the chronic health effects of pollutants. I consider the effects of residual spatial structure on…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-11-05 Christopher J. Paciorek