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Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS) for high-dimensional vectors is pivotal across databases, information retrieval, and artificial intelligence. Existing methods either reduce MIPS to Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) while suffering from…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Tingyang Chen , Cong Fu , Kun Wang , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao , Wenchao Zhou , Yabo Ni , Anxiang Zeng

Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS) is a ubiquitous task in machine learning applications such as recommendation systems. Given a query vector and $n$ atom vectors in $d$-dimensional space, the goal of MIPS is to find the atom that has the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Mo Tiwari , Ryan Kang , Je-Yong Lee , Donghyun Lee , Chris Piech , Sebastian Thrun , Ilan Shomorony , Martin Jinye Zhang

Efficient Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS) is an important task that has a wide applicability in recommendation systems and classification with a large number of classes. Solutions based on locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) as well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-01 Alex Auvolat , Sarath Chandar , Pascal Vincent , Hugo Larochelle , Yoshua Bengio

We propose a quantization based approach for fast approximate Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS). Each database vector is quantized in multiple subspaces via a set of codebooks, learned directly by minimizing the inner product quantization…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-09-07 Ruiqi Guo , Sanjiv Kumar , Krzysztof Choromanski , David Simcha

The MIPS (maximum inner product search), which finds the item with the highest inner product with a given query user, is an essential problem in the recommendation field. It is usual that e-commerce companies face situations where they want…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Daichi Amagata , Takahiro Hara

Due to the wide applications in recommendation systems, multi-class label prediction and deep learning, the Maximum Inner Product (MIP) search problem has received extensive attention in recent years. Faced with large-scale datasets…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Yang Song , Yu Gu , Rui Zhang , Ge Yu

Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS) is a fundamental challenge in machine learning and information retrieval, particularly in high-dimensional data applications. Existing approaches to MIPS either rely solely on Inner Product (IP)…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Tingyang Chen , Cong Fu , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao , Yabo Ni , Anxiang Zeng

Many large-scale applications amount to finding relevant results from an enormous output space of potential candidates. For example, finding the best matching product from a large catalog or suggesting related search phrases on a search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Hsiang-Fu Yu , Kai Zhong , Jiong Zhang , Wei-Cheng Chang , Inderjit S. Dhillon

We focus on Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS), which is an essential problem in many machine learning communities. Given a query, MIPS finds the most similar items with the maximum inner products. Methods for Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Chao Feng , Defu Lian , Xiting Wang , Zheng liu , Xing Xie , Enhong Chen

Maximum inner product search (MIPS) is a crucial subroutine in machine learning, requiring the identification of key vectors that align best with a given query. We propose amortized MIPS: a learning-based approach that trains neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Theo X. Olausson , João Monteiro , Michal Klein , Marco Cuturi

Exact Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS) is an important task that is widely pertinent to recommender systems and high-dimensional similarity search. The brute-force approach to solving exact MIPS is computationally expensive, thus…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Firas Abuzaid , Geet Sethi , Peter Bailis , Matei Zaharia

Efficient inference for wide output layers (WOLs) is an essential yet challenging task in large scale machine learning. Most approaches reduce this problem to approximate maximum inner product search (MIPS), which relies heavily on the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Zichang Liu , Zhaozhuo Xu , Alan Ji , Jonathan Li , Beidi Chen , Anshumali Shrivastava

The Model Checking Integrated Planning System (MIPS) is a temporal least commitment heuristic search planner based on a flexible object-oriented workbench architecture. Its design clearly separates explicit and symbolic directed exploration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-04 S. Edelkamp

We present the first provably sublinear time algorithm for approximate \emph{Maximum Inner Product Search} (MIPS). Our proposal is also the first hashing algorithm for searching with (un-normalized) inner product as the underlying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-23 Anshumali Shrivastava , Ping Li

The $k$-Maximum Inner Product Search ($k$MIPS) serves as a foundational component in recommender systems and various data mining tasks. However, while most existing $k$MIPS approaches prioritize the efficient retrieval of highly relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Qiang Huang , Yanhao Wang , Yiqun Sun , Anthony K. H. Tung

This paper investigates a new yet challenging problem called Reverse $k$-Maximum Inner Product Search (R$k$MIPS). Given a query (item) vector, a set of item vectors, and a set of user vectors, the problem of R$k$MIPS aims to find a set of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Qiang Huang , Yanhao Wang , Anthony K. H. Tung

Max-value entropy search (MES) is one of the state-of-the-art approaches in Bayesian optimization (BO). In this paper, we propose a novel variant of MES for constrained problems, called Constrained MES via Information lower BOund…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Shion Takeno , Tomoyuki Tamura , Kazuki Shitara , Masayuki Karasuyama

The inner-product navigable small world graph (ip-NSW) represents the state-of-the-art method for approximate maximum inner product search (MIPS) and it can achieve an order of magnitude speedup over the fastest baseline. However, to date…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Jie Liu , Xiao Yan , Xinyan Dai , Zhirong Li , James Cheng , Ming-Chang Yang

Maximum inner product search (MIPS) over dense and sparse vectors have progressed independently in a bifurcated literature for decades; the latter is better known as top-$k$ retrieval in Information Retrieval. This duality exists because…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Sebastian Bruch , Franco Maria Nardini , Amir Ingber , Edo Liberty

Latent factor models are the most popular backbones for today's recommender systems owing to their prominent performance. Latent factor models represent users and items as real-valued embedding vectors for pairwise similarity computation,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yunke Qu , Tong Chen , Xiangyu Zhao , Lizhen Cui , Kai Zheng , Hongzhi Yin
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