English
Related papers

Related papers: Policy Transforms and Learning Optimal Policies

200 papers

Reinforcement learning algorithms are generally designed to maximize the expected return across a population. However, a policy that is optimal on average may be suboptimal for certain individuals, leading to potential safety concerns. To…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Jingyi Li , Peng Wu , Chengchun Shi

Reinforcement learning algorithms describe how an agent can learn an optimal action policy in a sequential decision process, through repeated experience. In a given environment, the agent policy provides him some running and terminal…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-03-24 Arthur Charpentier , Romuald Elie , Carl Remlinger

Understanding human behavior from observed data is critical for transparency and accountability in decision-making. Consider real-world settings such as healthcare, in which modeling a decision-maker's policy is challenging -- with no…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-01 Alihan Hüyük , Daniel Jarrett , Mihaela van der Schaar

Assessing the systemic effects of uncertainty that arises from agents' partial observation of the true states of the world is critical for understanding a wide range of scenarios. Yet, previous modeling work on agent learning and…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-04-15 Wolfram Barfuss , Richard P. Mann

Faced with an ever-increasing complexity of their domains of application, artificial learning agents are now able to scale up in their ability to process an overwhelming amount of information coming from their interaction with an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Mirza Ramicic , Andrea Bonarini

Analyzing decision problems under uncertainty commonly relies on idealizing assumptions about the describability of the world, with the most prominent examples being the closed world and the small world assumption. Most assumptions are…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-08 Christoph Jansen , Georg Schollmeyer , Thomas Augustin , Julian Rodemann

Dynamic decisions are pivotal to economic policy making. We show how existing evidence from randomized control trials can be utilized to guide personalized decisions in challenging dynamic environments with budget and capacity constraints.…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-26 Karun Adusumilli , Friedrich Geiecke , Claudio Schilter

In these notes we will tackle the problem of finding optimal policies for Markov decision processes (MDPs) which are not fully known to us. Our intention is to slowly transition from an offline setting to an online (learning) setting.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Guillermo A. Perez

We consider settings where an uninformed principal must hear arguments from two better-informed agents, corresponding to two possible courses of action that they argue for. The arguments are verifiable in the sense that the true state of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Alexander Heckett , Vincent Conitzer

Recovering and distinguishing between the strict-preference, indifference and/or indecisiveness parts of a decision maker's preferences is a challenging task but also important for testing theory and conducting welfare analysis. This paper…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-15 Georgios Gerasimou

Predictive models are often introduced to decision-making tasks under the rationale that they improve performance over an existing decision-making policy. However, it is challenging to compare predictive performance against an existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Luke Guerdan , Amanda Coston , Kenneth Holstein , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Model-free reinforcement learning algorithms can compute policy gradients given sampled environment transitions, but require large amounts of data. In contrast, model-based methods can use the learned model to generate new data, but model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Lukas P. Fröhlich , Maksym Lefarov , Melanie N. Zeilinger , Felix Berkenkamp

Learning is a complex dynamical process shaped by a range of interconnected decisions. Careful design of hyperparameter schedules for artificial neural networks or efficient allocation of cognitive resources by biological learners can…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-07-11 Francesca Mignacco , Francesco Mori

In this paper, we investigate discrete-time decision-making problems in uncertain systems with partially observed states. We consider a non-stochastic model, where uncontrolled disturbances acting on the system take values in bounded sets…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-18 Aditya Dave , Nishanth Venkatesh , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

This paper proposes a novel approach for constructing effective personalized policies when the observed data lacks counter-factual information, is biased and possesses many features. The approach is applicable in a wide variety of settings…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-11 Onur Atan , William R. Zame , Qiaojun Feng , Mihaela van der Schaar

This paper studies the off-policy evaluation problem, where one aims to estimate the value of a target policy based on a sample of observations collected by another policy. We first consider the multi-armed bandit case, establish a minimax…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-09-15 Lihong Li , Remi Munos , Csaba Szepesvari

In this work we formulate and treat an extension of the Imitation from Observations problem. Imitation from Observations is a generalisation of the well-known Imitation Learning problem where state-only demonstrations are considered. In our…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-11 Tom Lefebvre

When does society eventually learn the truth, or take the correct action, via observational learning? In a general model of sequential learning over social networks, we identify a simple condition for learning dubbed excludability.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-04-05 Navin Kartik , SangMok Lee , Tianhao Liu , Daniel Rappoport

We study automated intrusion prevention using reinforcement learning. In a novel approach, we formulate the problem of intrusion prevention as an optimal stopping problem. This formulation allows us insight into the structure of the optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Kim Hammar , Rolf Stadler

The framework of reinforcement learning or optimal control provides a mathematical formalization of intelligent decision making that is powerful and broadly applicable. While the general form of the reinforcement learning problem enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Sergey Levine