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Proof Designer is a computer software program designed to help Mathematics students learn to write mathematical proofs. Under the guidance of the user, Proof Designer assists in writing outlines of proofs in elementary set theory. Proof…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-07-20 Moez A. AbdelGawad

Automated theorem provers and formal proof assistants are general reasoning systems that are in theory capable of proving arbitrarily hard theorems, thus solving arbitrary problems reducible to mathematics and logical reasoning. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lasse Blaauwbroek , David Cerna , Thibault Gauthier , Jan Jakubův , Cezary Kaliszyk , Martin Suda , Josef Urban

Interactive theorem provers have been used extensively to reason about various software/hardware systems and mathematical theorems. The key challenge when using an interactive prover is finding a suitable sequence of proof steps that will…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-15 Thomas Gransden , Neil Walkinshaw , Rajeev Raman

Computer-supported learning is an increasingly important form of study since it allows for independent learning and individualized instruction. In this paper, we discuss a novel approach to developing an intelligent tutoring system for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-23 Serge Autexier , Dominik Dietrich , Marvin Schiller

Formal verification using interactive theorem provers ensures high-quality software. However, writing proof scripts for interactive theorem provers is labor-intensive and requires deep expertise. Recent studies have leveraged deep learning…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Manqing Zhang , Yunwei Dong , Lingru Zhou , Bingxu Xiao , Yepang Liu

There are two kinds of systems that programming language researchers use for their work. Semantics engineering tools let them interactively explore their definitions, while proof assistants can be used to check the proofs of their…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jan Liam Verter , Tomas Petricek

Artificial intelligence assisted mathematical proof has become a highly focused area nowadays. One key problem in this field is to generate formal mathematical proofs from natural language proofs. Due to historical reasons, the formal proof…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Lihan Xie , Zhicheng Hui , Qinxiang Cao

Proof assistants are getting more widespread use in research and industry to provide certified and independently checkable guarantees about theories, designs, systems and implementations. However, proof assistant implementations themselves…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Matthieu Sozeau

Real-life conjectures do not come with instructions saying whether they they should be proven or, instead, refuted. Yet, as we now know, in either case the final argument produced had better be not just convincing but actually verifiable in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-21 João Marcos

In this paper, we introduce a system called GamePad that can be used to explore the application of machine learning methods to theorem proving in the Coq proof assistant. Interactive theorem provers such as Coq enable users to construct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Daniel Huang , Prafulla Dhariwal , Dawn Song , Ilya Sutskever

We propose a synthesis of the two proof styles of interactive theorem proving: the procedural style (where proofs are scripts of commands, like in Coq) and the declarative style (where proofs are texts in a controlled natural language, like…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Freek Wiedijk

HolPy is an interactive theorem proving system implemented in Python. It uses higher-order logic as the logical foundation. Its main features include a pervasive use of macros in producing, checking, and storing proofs, a JSON-based format…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Bohua Zhan

We have developed an alternative approach to teaching computer science students how to prove. First, students are taught how to prove theorems with the Coq proof assistant. In a second, more difficult, step students will transfer their…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Sebastian Böhne , Christoph Kreitz

This paper considers the development of an AI-based provably-correct mathematical proof tutor. While Large Language Models (LLMs) allow seamless communication in natural language, they are error prone. Theorem provers such as Lean allow for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Manooshree Patel , Rayna Bhattacharyya , Thomas Lu , Arnav Mehta , Niels Voss , Narges Norouzi , Gireeja Ranade

This paper considers the development of an AI-based provably-correct mathematical proof tutor. While Large Language Models (LLMs) allow seamless communication in natural language, they are error prone. Theorem provers such as Lean allow for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Manooshree Patel , Rayna Bhattacharyya , Thomas Lu , Arnav Mehta , Niels Voss , Narges Norouzi , Gireeja Ranade

We present the proof assistant homotopy.io for working with finitely-presented semistrict higher categories. The tool runs in the browser with a point-and-click interface, allowing direct manipulation of proof objects via a graphical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Nathan Corbyn , Lukas Heidemann , Nick Hu , Chiara Sarti , Calin Tataru , Jamie Vicary

Mechanical reasoning is a key area of research that lies at the crossroads of mathematical logic and artificial intelligence. The main aim to develop mechanical reasoning systems (also known as theorem provers) was to enable mathematicians…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-09 M. Saqib Nawaz , Moin Malik , Yi Li , Meng Sun , M. Ikram Ullah Lali

The ever-growing complexity of mathematical proofs makes their manual verification by mathematicians very cognitively demanding. Autoformalization seeks to address this by translating proofs written in natural language into a formal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Garett Cunningham , Razvan C. Bunescu , David Juedes

We present Ax-Prover, a multi-agent system for automated theorem proving in Lean that can solve problems across diverse scientific domains and operate either autonomously or collaboratively with human experts. To achieve this, Ax-Prover…

We present IntelliProof, an interactive system for analyzing argumentative essays through LLMs. IntelliProof structures an essay as an argumentation graph, where claims are represented as nodes, supporting evidence is attached as node…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab , Katharine Kowalyshyn , Kabir Pamnani , Anesu Gavhera , Vasanth Sarathy , Matthias Scheutz