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The Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) dimension of a graph is a measure for the inherent descriptive complexity of the graph. While originally derived from a combinatorial graph isomorphism test called the Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm, the WL dimension…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Martin Grohe , Sandra Kiefer

We define and study analogs of probabilistic tree embedding and tree cover for directed graphs. We define the notion of a DAG cover of a general directed graph $G$: a small collection $D_1,\dots D_g$ of DAGs so that for all pairs of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Sepehr Assadi , Gary Hoppenworth , Nicole Wein

The smallest number of cliques, covering all edges of a graph $ G $, is called the (edge) clique cover number of $ G $ and is denoted by $ cc(G) $. It is an easy observation that for every line graph $ G $ with $ n $ vertices, $cc(G)\leq n…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Ramin Javadi , Sepehr Hajebi

Any simple group-grading of a finite dimensional complex algebra induces a natural family of digraphs. We prove that $|E\circ E^{\text{op}}\cup E^{\text{op}}\circ E|\geq |E|$ for any digraph $\Gamma =(V,E)$ without parallel edges, and…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-05-22 Yuval Ginosar , Ofir Schnabel

Let $G$ be a graph, and let $u$, $v$, and $w$ be vertices of $G$. If the distance between $u$ and $w$ does not equal the distance between $v$ and $w$, then $w$ is said to resolve $u$ and $v$. The metric dimension of $G$, denoted $\beta(G)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Lucas Mol , Matthew J. H. Murphy , Ortrud R. Oellermann

In this paper we show that the $d$-dimensional algebraic connectivity of an arbitrary graph $G$ is bounded above by its $1$-dimensional algebraic connectivity, i.e., $a_d(G) \leq a_1(G)$, where $a_1(G)$ corresponds the well-studied second…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-30 Juan F. Presenza , Ignacio Mas , Juan I. Giribet , J. Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin

We study the VC-dimension of the set system on the vertex set of some graph which is induced by the family of its $k$-connected subgraphs. In particular, we give tight upper and lower bounds for the VC-dimension. Moreover, we show that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-02-03 Andrea Munaro

A graph parameter is self-dual in some class of graphs embeddable in some surface if its value does not change in the dual graph by more than a constant factor. We prove that the branchwidth of connected hypergraphs without bridges and…

We introduce the \emph{ID-index} of a finite simple connected graph. For a graph $G=(V,\ E)$ with diameter $d$, we let $f:V\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ assign \emph{ranks} to the vertices, then under $f$, each vertex $v$ gets a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Runze Wang

In connection with his solution of the Sensitivity Conjecture, Hao Huang (arXiv: 1907.00847, 2019) asked the following question: Given a graph $G$ with high symmetry, what can we say about the smallest maximum degree of induced subgraphs of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-27 Dingding Dong

A graph $G$ is called $C_4$-free if it does not contain the cycle $C_4$ as an induced subgraph. Hubenko, Solymosi and the first author proved (answering a question of Erd\H os) a peculiar property of $C_4$-free graphs: $C_4$ graphs with $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-22 A. Gyarfas , G. N. Sarkozy

A graph $G = (V,E)$ is globally rigid in $\mathbb{R}^d$ if for any generic placement $p : V \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^d$ of the vertices, the edge lengths $||p(u) - p(v)||, uv \in E$ uniquely determine $p$, up to congruence. In this paper we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Dániel Garamvölgyi , Tibor Jordán

We prove that every graph $G$ for which $\omega(G) \geq 3/4(\Delta(G) + 1)$, has an independent set $I$ such that $\omega(G - I) < \omega(G)$. It follows that a minimum counterexample $G$ to Reed's conjecture satisfies $\omega(G) <…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-16 Landon Rabern

We prove that the projective dimension of any (hyper)graph can be bounded from above by the (Castelnuovo-Mumford) regularity of its Levi graph (or incidence bipartite graph). This in particular brings the use of regularity's upper bounds on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-11 Türker Bıyıkoğlu , Yusuf Civan

The vertex cover number of a graph is the minimum number of vertices that are needed to cover all edges. When those vertices are further required to induce a connected subgraph, the corresponding number is called the connected vertex cover…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-05-16 Eglantine Camby , Jean Cardinal , Samuel Fiorini , Oliver Schaudt

The induced subgraph of the corresponding Grassmann graph formed by simplex codes is considered. We show that this graph, as the Grassmann graph, contains two types of maximal cliques. For any two cliques of the first type there is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-02 Mariusz Kwiatkowski , Mark Pankov

We show that the graph of a simplicial polytope of dimension $d \ge 3$ has no nontrivial minimum edge cut with fewer than $d(d+1)/2$ edges, hence the graph is $\min\{\delta, d(d+1)/2\}$-edge-connected where $\delta$ denotes the minimum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Vincent Pilaud , Guillermo Pineda-Villavicencio , Julien Ugon

Minimum joins in a graft $(G, T)$, also known as minimum $T$-joins of a graph $G$, are said to be connected if they determine a connected subgraph of $G$. Grafts with a connected minimum join have gained interest ever since Middendorf and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Nanano Kita

The monography presents a new algorithm for finding the clique of maximal length in a nonseparable graph. The algorithm is based on the properties of the representation of a clique as a subset of the set of cycles with a length of three,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Sergey Kurapov , Maxim Davidovsky

The proper connection number $pc(G)$ of a connected graph $G$ is defined as the minimum number of colors needed to color its edges, so that every pair of distinct vertices of $G$ is connected by at least one path in $G$ such that no two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-26 Xueliang Li , Meiqin Wei , Jun Yue