Related papers: GOES class estimation for behind-the-limb solar fl…
We analyse the 30 October, 2004, X1.2/SF solar event that occurred in AR 10691 (N13 W18) at around 11:44 UT. Observations at 212 and 405 GHz of the Solar Submillimeter Telescope (SST), with high time resolution (5 ms), show an intense…
Context/Aims: We present a list of 61 solar energetic electron (SEE) events measured by the MESSENGER mission and the radial dependences of the electron peak intensity and the peak-intensity energy spectrum. The analysis comprises the…
The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) is the HXR instrument onboard Solar Orbiter designed to observe solar flares over a broad range of flare sizes, between 4-150 keV. We report the first STIX observations of microflares…
Solar flares sometimes lead to coronal mass ejections that directly affect the Earth's environment. However, a large fraction of flares, including on solar-type stars, are confined flares. What are the differences in physical properties…
Flares close to the solar limb, where the footpoints are occulted, can reveal the spectrum and structure of the coronal loop-top source in X-rays. We aim at studying the properties of the corresponding energetic electrons near their…
Solar flares are observed and classified according to their intensity measured with the GOES X-ray Sensors. We show that the duration of a flare, as measured by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in GOES is not related to the size of the…
We present a statistical analysis of properties of Soft X-Ray (SXR) emission, plasma temperature (T), and emission measure (EM), derived from GOES observations of flares in 2002-2017. The temperature and emission measures are obtained using…
Solar energetic particles are a result of intense solar events such as solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). These latter events all together can cause major disruptions to spacecraft that are in Earth's orbit and outside of the…
The occurrence of X-class solar flares and their potential impact on the space weather often receive great attention than other flares. But predicting when and where an X-class flare will occur is still a challenge. With the…
We have compiled a catalog of solar flares as observed by the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft and the GOES spacecraft over a span from 1997 to 2010. During…
The X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), launched into low-Earth orbit in 2023, observes the reflection of solar flare X-rays in the Earth's atmosphere as a by-product of celestial observations. Using a $\sim$one-year data set…
A M-class behind-the-limb solar flare on 1 May 2013 (SOL2013-05-01T02:32), accompanied by a ($\sim$ 400 km/s) CME was observed by several space-based observatories with different viewing angles. We investigated the RHESSI-observed occulted…
Solar flare activity in cycle 24 is studied. Satellite observations of x-ray fluxes from GOES-15 and UV emission lines from the SDO/EVE experiment are used. The most powerful flares of cycle 24 in classes X9.3 and X8.2 in September 2017 are…
A number of X-ray instruments have been active in observing the solar coronal X-ray radiation this decade. We have compared XSM observations with simultaneous GOES and RHESSI observations. We present flux calibrations for all instruments,…
With the aim of understanding how the magnetic properties of active regions (ARs) control the eruptive character of solar flares, we analyze 719 flares of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) class $\geq$C5.0 during…
The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on-board the ESA Solar Orbiter mission retrieves the coordinates of solar flare locations by means of a specific sub-collimator, named the Coarse Flare Locator (CFL). When a solar flare…
In previous works we have developed a method to convert solar X-ray data, collected with the Yohkoh/SXT, into templates of stellar coronal observations. Here we apply the method to several solar flares, for comparison with stellar X-ray…
We present the discovery of a relationship between the maximum ratio of the flare flux (namely, 0.5-4 Ang to the 1-8 Ang flux) and non-flare background (namely, the 1-8 Ang background flux), which clearly separates flares into classes by…
Fermi-LAT >30 MeV observations have increased the number of detected solar flares by almost a factor of 10 with respect to previous space observations. These sample both the impulsive and long duration phases of GOES M and X class flares.…
We investigate two microflares of GOES classes A9 and C1 (after background subtraction) observed by STIX onboard Solar Orbiter with exceptionally strong nonthermal emission. We complement the hard X-ray imaging and spectral analysis by STIX…