Related papers: Momentum fluctuations in coarse grained systems
The force can be defined from the linear momentum in the gravitational field and electromagnetic field. But this definition can not cover the gradient of energy. In the paper, the force will be defined from the energy and torque in a new…
A nonuniform system is considered consisting of two phases with different densities of particles. At each given time the distribution of the phases in space is chaotic: each phase filling a set of regions with random shapes and locations. A…
The axiomatic definition of mass in classical mechanics, outlined by Mach in the second half of 19th century and improved by several authors, is simplified and extended to the theory of special relativity. According to the extended…
The higher order moments of the fluctuations for the thermodynamical systems in the presence of fields are investigated in the framework of a theoretical method. The metod uses a generalized statistical ensemble consonant with the adequate…
This article reports on an experimental study of the fluctuations of energy flux between a granular gas and a small driven harmonic oscillator. The DC-motor driving this system is used simultaneously as actuator and probe. The statistics of…
This two-paper series addresses and fixes the long-standing gauge invariance problem of angular momentum in gauge theories. This QED part reveals: 1) The spin and orbital angular momenta of electrons and photons can all be consistently…
In the Entropic Dynamics (ED) approach to quantum theory the particles have well-defined positions but since they follow non differentiable Brownian trajectories they cannot be assigned an instantaneous momentum. Nevertheless, four…
Han et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{132}, 137102 (2024)] have recently introduced a classical stochastic lattice gas model which, in addition to particle conservation, also conserves the particles' dipole moment. Because of its intrinsic…
Linear and angular momenta of a soliton in a ferromagnet are commonly derived through the application of Noether's theorem. We show that these quantities exhibit unphysical behavior: they depend on the choice of a gauge potential in the…
In systems removed from equilibrium, intrinsic microscopic fluctuations become correlated over distances comparable to the characteristic macroscopic length over which the external constraint is exerted. In order to investigate this…
A critical length has recently been identified that appears to provide a fundamental limit distinguishing quantum behavior from classical behavior. Because of the unique association between critical length and mass, it appears that we can…
The stochastic properties of the total internal energy of a dilute granular gas in the steady uniform shear flow state are investigated. A recent theory formulated for fluctuations about the homogeneous cooling state is extended by analogy…
We present a new derivation of the expressions for momentum and energy of a relativistic particle. In contrast to the procedures commonly adopted in textbooks, the one suggested here requires only the knowledge of the composition law for…
The grains immersed in plasma get eroded by the ions falling onto them. As a consequence, they exhibit self-consistent mass fluctuations due to perturbations in the plasma charging currents. The grain mass is then a dynamical variable. The…
We suggest an extension of the standard concept of statistical ensembles. Namely, we introduce a class of ensembles with extensive quantities fluctuating according to an externally given distribution. As an example the influence of energy…
In the gauge theory context, a definition of branching ratios and partial widths of unstable particles is proposed that satisfies the basic principles of additivity and gauge independence. A simpler definition, similar to the conventional…
Collective diffusion coefficient in a one dimensional lattice gas adsorbate is calculated using variational approach. Particles interact via either a long-range, or a long range electron-gas-mediated (for a metallic substrate), or a…
We study fluctuations in a vertically oscillated layer of grains below the critical acceleration for the onset of ordered standing waves. As onset is approached, transient disordered waves with a characteristic length scale emerge and…
Quantum mechanics is usually presented starting from a series of postulates about the mathematical framework. In this work we show that those same postulates can be derived by assuming that measurements are discrete interactions: that is,…
With the decline of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics and the recent experiments indicating that quantum mechanics does actually embody 'objective reality', one might ask if a 'mechanical', conceptual model for quantum…