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We introduce the Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programming framework for the quantum compilation problem and apply it in the context of topological quantum computing. In this setting, quantum gates are realized by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Pavel Rytir , Phillip C. Burke , Christos Aravanis , Jiri Vala , Jakub Marecek

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are typically evaluated at the logical design level when analyzing trainability. However, execution on real quantum devices requires hardware-aware compilation (transpilation) to satisfy qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Muhammad Kashif , Muhammad Shafique

As quantum circuits become more integrated and complex, additional error sources that were previously insignificant start to emerge. Consequently, the fidelity of quantum gates benchmarked under pristine conditions falls short of predicting…

We apply numerical optimization and linear algebra algorithms for classical computers to the problem of automatically synthesizing algorithms for quantum computers. Using our framework, we apply several common techniques from these…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Yuxin Huang , Benjamin E. Grossman-Ponemon , David A. B. Hyde

The Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology is currently investigated by major players in the field to build the first practically useful quantum computer. IBM QX architectures are the first ones which are already publicly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-07 Alwin Zulehner , Robert Wille

Most quantum compiling efforts rely on standard two-qubit basis gates, such as CX and iSWAP, to implement general quantum operations. However, with the advancement of quantum architecture design, more nonstandard two-qubit gates can now be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Anbang Wu , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

Current quantum devices support interactions only between physically adjacent qubits, preventing quantum circuits from being directly executed on these devices. Therefore, SWAP gates are required to remap logical qubits to physical qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-15 Kang Xu , Zeyang Li , Xinjian Liu , Dandan Li , Yukun Wang

Quantum Computing has been evolving in the last years. Although nowadays quantum algorithms performance has shown superior to their classical counterparts, quantum decoherence and additional auxiliary qubits needed for error tolerance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-06 O. M. Pires , E. I. Duzzioni , J. Marchi , R. Santiago

Quantum circuits are the fundamental representation of quantum algorithms and constitute valuable intellectual property (IP). Multiple quantum circuit obfuscation (QCO) techniques have been proposed in prior research to protect quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Hongyu Zhang , Yuntao Liu

Quantum circuit optimization - the process of transforming a quantum circuit into an equivalent one with reduced time and space requirements - is crucial for maximizing the utility of current and near-future quantum devices. While most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Marcin Szyniszewski , Aleks Kissinger , Noah Linden , Paul Skrzypczyk

The quantum layout and the mapping of logical to physical qubits are crucial in quantum circuit synthesis for a real quantum computer. Circuits that include large $n$-bit Toffoli gates ($n \geq 3$), such as those designed from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Sonia Yang , Ali Al-Bayaty , Marek Perkowski

We develop a method for approximate synthesis of single--qubit rotations of the form $e^{-i f(\phi_1,\ldots,\phi_k)X}$ that is based on the Repeat-Until-Success (RUS) framework for quantum circuit synthesis. We demonstrate how smooth…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-31 Nathan Wiebe , Martin Roetteler

Near-term quantum computers are noisy and have limited connectivity between qubits. Compilers are required to introduce SWAP operations in order to perform two-qubit gates between non-adjacent qubits. SWAPs increase the number of gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Poulami Das , Suhas K. Vittal , Moinuddin Qureshi

Despite rapid advances in quantum hardware, noise remains a central obstacle to deploying quantum algorithms on near-term devices. In particular, random coherent errors that accumulate during circuit execution constitute a dominant and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Suying Liu , Yulong Dong , Dong An , Murphy Yuezhen Niu

Current quantum processors are noisy, have limited coherence and imperfect gate implementations. On such hardware, only algorithms that are shorter than the overall coherence time can be implemented and executed successfully. A good quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-22 Davide Ferrari , Ivano Tavernelli , Michele Amoretti

As quantum computing systems continue to scale up and become more clustered, efficiently compiling user quantum programs into high fidelity executable sequences on real hardware remains a key challenge for current quantum compilation…

Compiling a high-level quantum circuit down to a low-level description that can be executed on state-of-the-art quantum computers is a crucial part of the software stack for quantum computing. One step in compiling a quantum circuit to some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Tom Peham , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Limited connectivity makes nonlocal quantum gates expensive on near-neighbor hardware, where compilation typically relies on SWAP transport, inheriting both depth overhead and path congestion. We present a swap-free routing framework in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Mithilesh Kumar , Yusuf Tahir , Varun Daiya , Sanjana Mattaparthi , Aarav Shaurya

Coherent errors, and especially those that occur in correlation among a set of qubits, are detrimental for large-scale quantum computing. Correlations in noise can occur as a result of spatial and temporal configurations of instructions…

We design quantum circuits by using the standard cell approach borrowed from classical circuit design, which can speed-up the layout of circuits with a regular structure. Our standard cells are general and can be used for all types of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Evan E. Dobbs , Joseph S. Friedman , Alexandru Paler
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