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Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in mathematical theorem proving, particularly when utilizing formal languages such as LEAN. A prevalent proof method involves the LLM prover iteratively constructing the proof…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zijian Wu , Suozhi Huang , Zhejian Zhou , Huaiyuan Ying , Zheng Yuan , Wenwei Zhang , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

In this survey we review dynamic epistemic logics with modalities for quantification over information change. Of such logics we present complete axiomatizations, focussing on axioms involving the interaction between knowledge and such…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Hans van Ditmarsch

We provide a new sequent calculus that enjoys syntactic cut-elimination and strongly terminating backward proof search for the intuitionistic Strong L\"ob logic $\sf{iSL}$, an intuitionistic modal logic with a provability interpretation. A…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ian Shillito , Iris van der Giessen , Rajeev Goré , Rosalie Iemhoff

We present a novel propositional proof tracing format that eliminates complex processing, thus enabling efficient (formal) proof checking. The benefits of this format are demonstrated by implementing a proof checker in C, which outperforms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Luís Cruz-Filipe , Joao Marques-Silva , Peter Schneider-Kamp

We consider dynamic versions of epistemic logic as formulated in Baltag and Moss "Logics for epistemic programs" (2004). That paper proposed a logical language (actually families of languages parameterized by action signatures) for dynamic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Alexandru Baltag , Lawrence S. Moss , Slawomir Solecki

We propose a novel approach for the formal verification of biological systems based on the use of a modal linear logic. We show how such a logic can be used, with worlds as instants of time, as an unified framework to encode both biological…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-03 Elisabetta De Maria , Joelle Despeyroux , Amy Felty

Active learning (AL) seeks to reduce annotation costs by selecting the most informative samples for labeling, making it particularly valuable in resource-constrained settings. However, traditional evaluation methods, which focus solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Julia Machnio , Mads Nielsen , Mostafa Mehdipour Ghazi

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for modeling and verifying multi-agent systems. The paper introduce an Epistemic Process Calculus for multi-agent systems, which formalizes the syntax and semantics to capture the essential…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Qixian Yu , Zining Cao , Zong Hui , Yuan Zhou

We propose a formalism to model and reason about reconfigurable multi-agent systems. In our formalism, agents interact and communicate in different modes so that they can pursue joint tasks; agents may dynamically synchronize, exchange…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Yehia Abd Alrahman , Nir Piterman

We introduce our Leanabell-Prover-V2, a 7B large language models (LLMs) that can produce formal theorem proofs in Lean 4, with verifier-integrated Long Chain-of-Thoughts (CoT). Following our previous work Leanabell-Prover-V1, we continual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xingguang Ji , Yahui Liu , Qi Wang , Jingyuan Zhang , Yang Yue , Rui Shi , Chenxi Sun , Fuzheng Zhang , Guorui Zhou , Kun Gai

Autoformalization, the conversion of natural language mathematics into formal languages, offers significant potential for advancing mathematical reasoning. However, existing efforts are limited to formal languages with substantial online…

Automatic translation of natural language mathematics into faithful Lean 4 code is hindered by the fundamental dissonance between informal set-theoretic intuition and strict formal type theory. This gap often causes LLMs to hallucinate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ke Zhang , Patricio Gallardo , Maziar Raissi , Sudhir Murthy

We present AutoformBot, a multi-agent system for building an Autoformalized Textbook Library At Scale (Atlas) in Lean 4. AutoformBot orchestrates thousands of LLM agents, equipped with formal verification tools, dependency-aware task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ahmad Rammal , Niket Patel , Fabian Gloeckle , Amaury Hayat , Julia Kempe , Remi Munos , Charles Arnal , Vivien Cabannes

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive mathematical reasoning abilities, but their solutions frequently contain errors that cannot be automatically checked. Formal theorem proving systems such as Lean 4 offer automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sumanth Varambally , Thomas Voice , Yanchao Sun , Zhifeng Chen , Rose Yu , Ke Ye

We present an approach for testing student learning outcomes in a course on automated reasoning using the Isabelle proof assistant. The approach allows us to test both general understanding of formal proofs in various logical proof systems…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Frederik Krogsdal Jacobsen , Jørgen Villadsen

UCLID5 is a tool for the multi-modal formal modeling, verification, and synthesis of systems. It enables one to tackle verification problems for heterogeneous systems such as combinations of hardware and software, or those that have…

As automated reasoning systems advance rapidly, there is a growing need for research-level formal mathematical problems to accurately evaluate their capabilities. To address this, we present Formal Conjectures, an evolving benchmark of…

We introduce and elaborate a novel formalism for the manipulation and analysis of proofs as objects in a global manner. In this first approach the formalism is restricted to first-order problems characterized by condensed detachment. It is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Christoph Wernhard , Wolfgang Bibel

A survey of existing methods for stopping active learning (AL) reveals the needs for methods that are: more widely applicable; more aggressive in saving annotations; and more stable across changing datasets. A new method for stopping AL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-09-19 Michael Bloodgood , K. Vijay-Shanker

Agentic systems have recently become the dominant paradigm for formal theorem proving, achieving strong performance by coordinating multiple models and tools. However, existing approaches often rely on task-specific pipelines and trained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junqi Liu , Zihao Zhou , Zekai Zhu , Marco Dos Santos , Weikun He , Jiawei Liu , Ran Wang , Yunzhou Xie , Junqiao Zhao , Qiufeng Wang , Lihong Zhi , Jia Li , Wenda Li