Related papers: Monitoring Cyber-Physical Systems: From Design to …
An essential part of cyber-physical systems is the online evaluation of real-time data streams. Especially in systems that are intrinsically safety-critical, a dedicated monitoring component inspecting data streams to detect problems at…
Runtime monitoring is an essential part of guaranteeing the safety of cyber-physical systems. Recently, runtime monitoring frameworks based on formal specification languages gained momentum. These languages provide valuable abstractions for…
Stream-based runtime monitoring frameworks are safety assurance tools that check the runtime behavior of a system against a formal specification. This tutorial provides a hands-on introduction to RTLola, a real-time monitoring toolkit for…
Advanced embedded system technology is one of the key driving forces behind the rapid growth of Cyber-Physical System (CPS) applications. Cyber-Physical Systems are comprised of multiple coordinating and cooperating components, which are…
Runtime verification or runtime monitoring equips safety-critical cyber-physical systems to augment design assurance measures and ensure operational safety and security. Cyber-physical systems have interaction failures, attack surfaces, and…
This paper introduces the safety controller architecture as a runtime assurance mechanism for system specifications expressed as safety properties in Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The safety controller has three fundamental components: a…
Stream-based monitoring is a real-time safety assurance mechanism for complex cyber-physical systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles. In this context, a monitor aggregates streams of input data from sensors and other sources to give…
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are composed of various embedded subsystems and require specialized software, firmware, and hardware to coordinate with the rest of the system. These multiple levels of integration expose attack surfaces which…
Fault injections are increasingly used to attack/test secure applications. In this paper, we define formal models of runtime monitors that can detect fault injections that result in test inversion attacks and arbitrary jumps in the control…
Runtime Monitoring is a lightweight and dynamic verification technique that involves observing the internal operations of a software system and/or its interactions with other external entities, with the aim of determining whether the system…
For machine learning components used as part of autonomous systems (AS) in carrying out critical tasks it is crucial that assurance of the models can be maintained in the face of post-deployment changes (such as changes in the operating…
Conventional approaches for ensuring the security of application software at run-time, through monitoring, either produce (high rates of) false alarms (e.g. intrusion detection systems) or limit application performance (e.g. run-time…
The safety of cyber-physical systems rests on the correctness of their monitoring mechanisms. This is problematic if the specification of the monitor is implemented manually or interpreted by unreliable software. We present a verifying…
Runtime Verification is a lightweight formal verification technique. It is used to verify at runtime whether the system under analysis behaves as expected. The expected behaviour is usually formally specified by means of properties, which…
Systems modeling practice lacks security analysis tools that can interface with modeling languages to facilitate security by design. Security by design is a necessity in the age of safety critical cyber-physical systems, where security…
The verification and validation of cyber-physical systems is known to be a difficult problem due to the different modeling abstractions used for control components and for software components. A recent trend to address this difficulty is to…
Runtime monitoring is generally considered a light-weight alternative to formal verification. In safety-critical systems, however, the monitor itself is a critical component. For example, if the monitor is responsible for initiating…
Stream-based monitoring is a well-established runtime verification approach which relates input streams, representing sensor readings from the monitored system, with output streams that capture filtered or aggregated results. In such…
[Context and Motivation]: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have become relevant in a wide variety of different domains, integrating hardware and software, often operating in an emerging and uncertain environment where human actors actively or…
The ubiquitous reliance on software systems increases the need for ensuring that systems behave correctly and are well protected against security risks. Runtime enforcement is a dynamic analysis technique that utilizes software monitors to…