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Related papers: Code smells detection and visualization: A systema…

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This study addresses the challenge of detecting code smells in large-scale software systems using machine learning (ML). Traditional detection methods often suffer from low accuracy and poor generalization across different datasets. To…

Code smells are indicators of potential design flaws in source code and do not appear alone but in combination with other smells, creating complex interactions. While existing literature classifies these smell interactions into collocated,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ruchin Gupta , Sandeep Kumar Singh

Context. The adoption of Machine Learning (ML)--enabled systems is steadily increasing. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of ML-specific quality assurance approaches, possibly because of the limited knowledge of how quality-related concerns…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Gilberto Recupito , Giammaria Giordano , Filomena Ferrucci , Dario Di Nucci , Fabio Palomba

Context: Security is vital to software developed for commercial or personal use. Although more organizations are realizing the importance of applying secure coding practices, in many of them, security concerns are not known or addressed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Kazi Zakia Sultana , Zadia Codabux , Byron Williams

Context: Code smells are considered symptoms of poor design, leading to future problems, such as reduced maintainability. Except for anecdotal cases (e. g. code dropout), a code smell survives until it gets explicitly refactored or removed.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Américo Rio , Fernando Brito e Abreu

A code smell is a surface indicator of an inherent problem in the system, most often due to deviation from standard coding practices on the developers part during the development phase. Studies observe that code smells made the code more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Himanshu Gupta , Abhiram Anand Gulanikar , Lov Kumar , Lalita Bhanu Murthy Neti

As software proliferates across domains, its aggregate energy footprint has become a major concern. To reduce software's growing environmental footprint, developers need to identify and refactor energy smells: source code implementations,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mohammadjavad Mehditabar , Saurabhsingh Rajput , Tushar Sharma

Angular is one of the most widely adopted frameworks for developing large-scale, dynamic web applications. As projects increase in scope and complexity, developers face growing challenges in managing architecture and maintaining clean,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Maykon Nunes , Emanuel Coutinho , Carla Bezerra , Ivan Machado

The accuracy reported for code smell-detecting tools varies depending on the dataset used to evaluate the tools. Our survey of 45 existing datasets reveals that the adequacy of a dataset for detecting smells highly depends on relevant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Morteza Zakeri-Nasrabadi , Saeed Parsa , Ehsan Esmaili , Fabio Palomba

Code smells indicate the potential problems of software quality so that developers can identify refactoring opportunities by detecting code smells. State-of-the-art approaches leverage heuristics, machine learning, and deep learning to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Haiyang Liu , Yang Zhang , Vidya Saikrishna , Quanquan Tian , Kun Zheng

Cloud-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) have gained popularity due to their low cost and elasticity. However, like other software, SaaS applications suffer from code smells, which can drastically affect functionality and resource usage.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Asif Imran , Tevfik Kosar

The code smell is a sign of design and development flaws in a software system that reduces the reusability and maintainability of the system. Refactoring is done as an ongoing practice to remove the code smell from the program code. Among…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Pritom Saha Akash , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Code smells are symptoms of poor design quality. Since code review is a process that also aims at improving code quality, we investigate whether and how code review influences the severity of code smells. In this study, we analyze more than…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Luca Pascarella , Davide Spadini , Fabio Palomba , Alberto Bacchelli

Code smells represent sub-optimal implementation choices applied by developers when evolving software systems. The negative impact of code smells has been widely investigated in the past: besides developers' productivity and ability to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba , Francesca Arcelli Fontana , Andrea De Lucia , Andy Zaidman , Filomena Ferrucci

Software design debt aims to elucidate the rectification attempts of the present design flaws and studies the influence of those to the cost and time of the software. Design smells are a key cause of incurring design debt. Although the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Asif Imran , Tevfik Kosar

Code refactoring is widely recognized as an essential software engineering practice to improve the understandability and maintainability of the source code. The Extract Method refactoring is considered as "Swiss army knife" of refactorings,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Ali Ouni

Context: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to generate program code. Much research has been reported on the functional correctness of generated code, but there is far less on code quality. Objectives: In this study,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

Automated batch refactoring has become a de-facto mechanism to restructure software that may have significant design flaws negatively impacting the code quality and maintainability. Although automated batch refactoring techniques are known…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Asif Imran , Tevfik Kosar , Jaroslaw Zola , Muhammed Fatih Bulut

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted for code vulnerability detection, their reliability and robustness across diverse vulnerability types have become a pressing concern. In traditional adversarial settings, code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Xiao Li , Yue Li , Hao Wu , Yue Zhang , Yechao Zhang , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

Test smells, similar to code smells, can negatively impact both the test code and the production code being tested. Despite extensive research on test smells in languages like Java, Scala, and Python, automated tools for detecting test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Partha P. Paul , Md Tonoy Akanda , M. Raihan Ullah , Dipto Mondal , Nazia S. Chowdhury , Fazle M. Tawsif