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The efficient and reliable certification of quantum states is essential for various quantum information processing tasks as well as for the general progress on the implementation of quantum technologies. In the last few years several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Xiao-Dong Yu , Jiangwei Shang , Otfried Gühne

Fidelity is a fundamental measure for the closeness of two quantum states, which is important both from a theoretical and a practical point of view. Yet, in general, it is difficult to give good estimates of fidelity, especially when one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-31 András Gilyén , Alexander Poremba

Quantum computers are now on the brink of outperforming their classical counterparts. One way to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computation is through quantum random sampling performed on quantum computing devices. However, existing…

The rapid development of quantum computing technologies already made it possible to manipulate a collective state of several dozen of qubits. This success poses a strong demand on efficient and reliable methods for characterization and…

Verifying the proper preparation of quantum states is essential in modern quantum information science. Various protocols have been developed to estimate the fidelity of quantum states produced by different parties. Direct fidelity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Christopher Vairogs , Bin Yan

Assessing the quality of an ensemble of noisy entangled states is a central task in quantum information processing. Usually this is done by measuring and hence destroying multiple copies, from which state tomography or fidelity estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Ferran Riera-Sàbat , Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Wolfgang Dür

The fidelity estimation between two quantum states is crucial for quantum computation and information science. However, an efficacious method for this, especially for mixed states and higher-dimensional density matrices, remains elusive.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Anumita Mukhopadhyay , Shibdas Roy , Arun Kumar Pati

Efficient verification of multipartite quantum states is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing. By virtue of Schmidt decomposition and mutually unbiased bases, here we propose a universal protocol to verify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Yunting Li , Huangjun Zhu

Detecting entanglement in multipartite quantum states is an inherently probabilistic process, typically with a few measured samples. The level of confidence in entanglement detection quantifies the scheme's validity via the probability that…

In almost all quantum applications, one of the key steps is to verify that the fidelity of the prepared quantum state meets expectations. In this Letter, we propose a new approach solving this problem using machine-learning techniques.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-28 Xiaoqian Zhang , Maolin Luo , Zhaodi Wen , Qin Feng , Shengshi Pang , Weiqi Luo , Xiaoqi Zhou

As quantum technologies advance, the ability to generate increasingly large quantum states has experienced rapid development. In this context, the verification and estimation of large entangled systems represents one of the main challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Joshua Morris , Valeria Saggio , Aleksandra Gočanin , Borivoje Dakić

Quantum state tomography is the standard tool in current experiments for verifying that a state prepared in the lab is close to an ideal target state, but up to now there were no rigorous methods for evaluating the precision of the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 Takanori Sugiyama , Peter S. Turner , Mio Murao

Efficient verification of pure quantum states in the adversarial scenario is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing, such as blind measurement-based quantum computation and quantum networks. However, little is known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-30 Huangjun Zhu , Masahito Hayashi

The determination of the state fidelity and the detection of entanglement are fundamental problems in quantum information experiments. We investigate how these goals can be achieved with a minimal effort. We show that the fidelity of GHZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-27 Otfried Gühne , Chao-Yang Lu , Wei-Bo Gao , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum tomography is crucial for characterizing the quantum states of multipartite systems, but its practicality is often limited by the exponentially large dimension of the Hilbert space. Most existing approaches, such as compressed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Yat Wong , Ming Yuan , Kevin He , Srivatsan Chakram , Alireza Seif , David I. Schuster , Liang Jiang

We describe a simple method for certifying that an experimental device prepares a desired quantum state rho. Our method is applicable to any pure state rho, and it provides an estimate of the fidelity between rho and the actual (arbitrary)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-09 Steven T. Flammia , Yi-Kai Liu

Quantum state tomography (QST) is plagued by the ``curse of dimensionality'' due to the exponentially-scaled complexity in measurement and data post-processing. Efficient QST schemes for large-scale mixed states are currently missing. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-15 Wen-jun Li , Kai Xu , Heng Fan , Shi-ju Ran , Gang Su

The initialization of a quantum system into a certain state is a crucial aspect of quantum information science. While a variety of measurement strategies have been developed to characterize how well the system is initialized, for a given…

Although the realization of useful quantum computers poses significant challenges, swift progress in emerging quantum technologies is making this goal realistically approachable. In this context, one of the essential resources is quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 Valeria Saggio , Philip Walther

Entanglement lies at the heart of quantum information science, serving as a key resource for quantum communication, computation, and metrology. Consequently, high-precision entangled state preparation and efficient verification are…

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