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To date, a large number of research papers have been written on the classification of malware, its identification, classification into different families and the distinction between malware and goodware. These works have been based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Ivan Zelinka , Miloslav Szczypka , Jan Plucar , Nikolay Kuznetsov

Open-source software serves as a foundation for the internet and the cyber supply chain, but its exploitation is becoming increasingly prevalent. While advances in vulnerability detection for OSS have been significant, prior research has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zhuoran Tan , Christos Anagnosstopoulos , Jeremy Singer

Machine learning (ML) malware detectors rely heavily on crowd-sourced AntiVirus (AV) labels, with platforms like VirusTotal serving as a trusted source of malware annotations. But what if attackers could manipulate these labels to classify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tianwei Lan , Luca Demetrio , Farid Nait-Abdesselam , Yufei Han , Simone Aonzo

The increasing number of sophisticated malware poses a major cybersecurity threat. Portable executable (PE) files are a common vector for such malware. In this work we review and evaluate machine learning-based PE malware detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Collin Connors , Dilip Sarkar

Malware detection is a popular application of Machine Learning for Information Security (ML-Sec), in which an ML classifier is trained to predict whether a given file is malware or benignware. Parameters of this classifier are typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Ethan M. Rudd , Felipe N. Ducau , Cody Wild , Konstantin Berlin , Richard Harang

With the increase in machine learning (ML) applications in different domains, incentives for deceiving these models have reached more than ever. As data is the core backbone of ML algorithms, attackers shifted their interest toward…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam

This paper introduces SBAN (Source code, Binary, Assembly, and Natural Language Description), a large-scale, multi-dimensional dataset designed to advance the pre-training and evaluation of large language models (LLMs) for software code…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hamed Jelodar , Mohammad Meymani , Samita Bai , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali A. Ghorbani

Machine learning (ML) used for static portable executable (PE) malware detection typically employs per-file numerical feature vector representations as input with one or more target labels during training. However, there is much orthogonal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Adarsh Kyadige , Ethan M. Rudd , Konstantin Berlin

Model repositories such as Hugging Face increasingly distribute machine learning artifacts serialized with Python's pickle format, exposing users to remote code execution (RCE) risks during model loading. Recent defenses, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hillel Ohayon , Daniel Gilkarov , Ran Dubin

We propose a hybrid machine learning architecture that simultaneously employs multiple deep learning models analyzing contextual and behavioral characteristics of Windows portable executable, producing a final prediction based on a decision…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Dmitrijs Trizna

Reverse Engineering (RE) is central to software security, enabling tasks such as vulnerability discovery and malware analysis, but it remains labor-intensive and requires substantial expertise. Earlier advances in deep learning start to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xinyu Hu , Zhiwei Fu , Shaocong Xie , Steven H. H. Ding , Philippe Charland

The malware analysis and detection research community relies on the online platform VirusTotal to label Android apps based on the scan results of around 60 antiviral scanners. Unfortunately, there are no standards on how to best interpret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Aleieldin Salem , Sebastian Banescu , Alexander Pretschner

This work addresses the challenge of malware classification using machine learning by developing a novel dataset labeled at both the malware type and family levels. Raw binaries were collected from sources such as VirusShare, VX…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 David Bálik , Martin Jureček , Mark Stamp

Ransomware is a growing threat that typically operates by either encrypting a victim's files or locking a victim's computer until the victim pays a ransom. However, it is still challenging to detect such malware timely with existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Hyoungshick Kim , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Malware is a major threat to computer systems and imposes many challenges to cyber security. Targeted threats, such as ransomware, cause millions of dollars in losses every year. The constant increase of malware infections has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Fabrício Ceschin , Marcus Botacin , Heitor Murilo Gomes , Felipe Pinagé , Luiz S. Oliveira , André Grégio

The open-source software (OSS) ecosystem suffers from security threats caused by malware.However, OSS malware research has three limitations: a lack of high-quality datasets, a lack of malware diversity, and a lack of attack campaign…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Xiaoyan Zhou , Ying Zhang , Wenjia Niu , Jiqiang Liu , Haining Wang , Qiang Li

Android malware detection has been extensively studied using both traditional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches. While many state-of-the-art detection models, particularly those based on DL, claim superior performance,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Guojun Liu , Doina Caragea , Xinming Ou , Sankardas Roy

Recent statistics show that in 2015 more than 140 millions new malware samples have been found. Among these, a large portion is due to ransomware, the class of malware whose specific goal is to render the victim's system unusable, in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-13 Daniele Sgandurra , Luis Muñoz-González , Rabih Mohsen , Emil C. Lupu

Background: Most of the existing machine learning models for security tasks, such as spam detection, malware detection, or network intrusion detection, are built on supervised machine learning algorithms. In such a paradigm, models need a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Rui Shu , Tianpei Xia , Huy Tu , Laurie Williams , Tim Menzies

Malware attacks pose a significant threat in today's interconnected digital landscape, causing billions of dollars in damages. Detecting and identifying families as early as possible provides an edge in protecting against such malware. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Christofer Fellicious , Manuel Bischof , Kevin Mayer , Dorian Eikenberg , Stefan Hausotte , Hans P. Reiser , Michael Granitzer