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Neural Machine Translation (NMT) generates target words sequentially in the way of predicting the next word conditioned on the context words. At training time, it predicts with the ground truth words as context while at inference it has to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Wen Zhang , Yang Feng , Fandong Meng , Di You , Qun Liu

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models achieve state-of-the-art performance on many translation benchmarks. As an active research field in NMT, knowledge distillation is widely applied to enhance the model's performance by transferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Fusheng Wang , Jianhao Yan , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

A transcompiler, also known as source-to-source translator, is a system that converts source code from a high-level programming language (such as C++ or Python) to another. Transcompilers are primarily used for interoperability, and to port…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Marie-Anne Lachaux , Baptiste Roziere , Lowik Chanussot , Guillaume Lample

We frame the task of machine translation evaluation as one of scoring machine translation output with a sequence-to-sequence paraphraser, conditioned on a human reference. We propose training the paraphraser as a multilingual NMT system,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Brian Thompson , Matt Post

A large number of significant assets are available online in English, which is frequently translated into native languages to ease the information sharing among local people who are not much familiar with English. However, manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Himanshu Choudhary , Shivansh Rao , Rajesh Rohilla

With the advent of neural machine translation, there has been a marked shift towards leveraging and consuming the machine translation results. However, the gap between machine translation systems and human translators needs to be manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Jiayi Wang , Ke Wang , Niyu Ge , Yangbing Shi , Yu Zhao , Kai Fan

We introduce an open-source toolkit for neural machine translation (NMT) to support research into model architectures, feature representations, and source modalities, while maintaining competitive performance, modularity and reasonable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Guillaume Klein , Yoon Kim , Yuntian Deng , Josep Crego , Jean Senellart , Alexander M. Rush

We train neural machine translation (NMT) models from English to six target languages, using NMT encoder representations to predict ancestor constituent labels of source language words. We find that NMT encoders learn similar source syntax…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Tyler A. Chang , Anna N. Rafferty

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 have emerged as general-purpose language models capable of addressing many natural language generation or understanding tasks. On the task of Machine Translation (MT), multiple works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Vikas Raunak , Arul Menezes , Matt Post , Hany Hassan Awadalla

In this paper we provide the largest published comparison of translation quality for phrase-based SMT and neural machine translation across 30 translation directions. For ten directions we also include hierarchical phrase-based MT.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Tomasz Dwojak , Hieu Hoang

Code translation is a crucial activity in the software development and maintenance process, and researchers have recently begun to focus on using pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for code translation. However, existing LLMs only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Minghua He , Yue Chen , Fangkai Yang , Pu Zhao , Wenjie Yin , Yu Kang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Rapid progress in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems over the last few years has been driven primarily towards improving translation quality, and as a secondary focus, improved robustness to input perturbations (e.g. spelling and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Prasanna Parthasarathi , Koustuv Sinha , Joelle Pineau , Adina Williams

Text style transfer (TST) is the task of transforming a text to reflect a particular style while preserving its original content. Evaluating TST outputs is a multidimensional challenge, requiring the assessment of style transfer accuracy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Sourabrata Mukherjee , Atul Kr. Ojha , John P. McCrae , Ondrej Dusek

Context: Developers spend most of their time comprehending source code during software development. Automatically assessing how readable and understandable source code is can provide various benefits in different tasks, such as task…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Bin Lin , Gregorio Robles

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved top results in recent machine translation evaluations, but they are also known to be sensitive to errors and perturbations in their prompts. We systematically evaluate how both humanly plausible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Patrícia Schmidtová , Niyati Bafna , Seth Aycock , Gianluca Vico , Wiktor Kamzela , Katharina Hämmerl , Vilém Zouhar

Neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved remarkable success in producing high-quality translations. However, current NMT systems suffer from a lack of reliability, as their outputs that are often affected by lexical or syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Rongxiang Weng , Qiang Wang , Wensen Cheng , Changfeng Zhu , Min Zhang

While neural machine translation (NMT) models provide improved translation quality in an elegant, end-to-end framework, it is less clear what they learn about language. Recent work has started evaluating the quality of vector…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Yonatan Belinkov , Lluís Màrquez , Hassan Sajjad , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi , James Glass

Consistency is a key requirement of high-quality translation. It is especially important to adhere to pre-approved terminology and adapt to corrected translations in domain-specific projects. Machine translation (MT) has achieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yasmin Moslem , Rejwanul Haque , John D. Kelleher , Andy Way

Machine Translation (MT) has achieved remarkable performance, with growing interest in speech translation and multimodal approaches. However, despite these advancements, MT quality assessment remains largely text centric, typically relying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Sami Ul Haq , Sheila Castilho , Yvette Graham

Recently, neural machine translation (NMT) has been extended to multilinguality, that is to handle more than one translation direction with a single system. Multilingual NMT showed competitive performance against pure bilingual systems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Surafel M. Lakew , Mauro Cettolo , Marcello Federico