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Information bottleneck (IB) is a technique for extracting information in one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. IB works by encoding $X$ in a compressed "bottleneck" random variable $M$ from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey , David H. Wolpert

Information Bottleneck (IB) is a technique to extract information about one target random variable through another relevant random variable. This technique has garnered significant interest due to its broad applications in information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Lingyi Chen , Shitong Wu , Jiachuan Ye , Huihui Wu , Wenyi Zhang , Hao Wu

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the generalization, robustness, and interpretability of deep neural networks, demonstrating efficacy across image segmentation, document clustering,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Hanzhe Yang , Youlong Wu , Dingzhu Wen , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi

Information bottleneck (IB) is a paradigm to extract information in one target random variable from another relevant random variable, which has aroused great interest due to its potential to explain deep neural networks in terms of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Lingyi Chen , Shitong Wu , Wenhao Ye , Huihui Wu , Hao Wu , Wenyi Zhang , Bo Bai , Yining Sun

The information bottleneck (IB) method seeks a compressed representation of data that preserves information relevant to a target variable for prediction while discarding irrelevant information from the original data. In its classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Akira Kamatsuka , Takahiro Yoshida

The information bottleneck (IB) problem tackles the issue of obtaining relevant compressed representations $T$ of some random variable $X$ for the task of predicting $Y$. It is defined as a constrained optimization problem which maximizes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-19 Borja Rodríguez-Gálvez , Ragnar Thobaben , Mikael Skoglund

The Information Bottleneck (IB) method is an information theoretical framework to design a parsimonious and tunable feature-extraction mechanism, such that the extracted features are maximally relevant to a specific learning or inference…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-17 Francesco Binucci , Paolo Banelli , Paolo Di Lorenzo , Sergio Barbarossa

The Information bottleneck (IB) method enables optimizing over the trade-off between compression of data and prediction accuracy of learned representations, and has successfully and robustly been applied to both supervised and unsupervised…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Teng-Hui Huang , Aly El Gamal

The information bottleneck (IB) principle has been adopted to explain deep learning in terms of information compression and prediction, which are balanced by a trade-off hyperparameter. How to optimize the IB principle for better robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Penglong Zhai , Shihua Zhang

Information bottleneck (IB) is a method for extracting information from one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. To do so, IB identifies an intermediate "bottleneck" variable $T$ that has low…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey , Steven Van Kuyk

The information bottleneck (IB) method is a technique designed to extract meaningful information related to one random variable from another random variable, and has found extensive applications in machine learning problems. In this paper,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Lingyi Chen , Shitong Wu , Sicheng Xu , Huihui Wu , Wenyi Zhang

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle offers an information-theoretic framework for analyzing the training process of deep neural networks (DNNs). Its essence lies in tracking the dynamics of two mutual information (MI) values: between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Ivan Butakov , Alexander Tolmachev , Sofia Malanchuk , Anna Neopryatnaya , Alexey Frolov , Kirill Andreev

The information bottleneck (IB) approach is popular to improve the generalization, robustness and explainability of deep neural networks. Essentially, it aims to find a minimum sufficient representation $\mathbf{t}$ by striking a trade-off…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Shujian Yu , Xi Yu , Sigurd Løkse , Robert Jenssen , Jose C. Principe

Information bottleneck is an information-theoretic principle of representation learning that aims to learn a maximally compressed representation that preserves as much information about labels as possible. Under this principle, two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Yuyan Ni , Yanyan Lan , Ao Liu , Zhiming Ma

Lossy compression and clustering fundamentally involve a decision about what features are relevant and which are not. The information bottleneck method (IB) by Tishby, Pereira, and Bialek formalized this notion as an information-theoretic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-23 DJ Strouse , David J Schwab

Information Bottleneck (IB) is a generalization of rate-distortion theory that naturally incorporates compression and relevance trade-offs for learning. Though the original IB has been extensively studied, there has not been much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Thanh T. Nguyen , Jaesik Choi

To effectively study complex causal systems, it is often useful to construct abstractions of parts of the system by discarding irrelevant details while preserving key features. The Information Bottleneck (IB) method is a widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Francisco N. F. Q. Simoes , Mehdi Dastani , Thijs van Ommen

Information Bottleneck (IB) is a widely used framework that enables the extraction of information related to a target random variable from a source random variable. In the objective function, IB controls the trade-off between data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Sota Kudo , Naoaki Ono , Shigehiko Kanaya , Ming Huang

In recent several years, the information bottleneck (IB) principle provides an information-theoretic framework for deep multi-view clustering (MVC) by compressing multi-view observations while preserving the relevant information of multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xiaoqiang Yan , Zhixiang Jin , Fengshou Han , Yangdong Ye

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle facilitates effective representation learning by preserving label-relevant information while compressing irrelevant information. However, its strong reliance on accurate labels makes it inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yi Huang , Qingyun Sun , Yisen Gao , Haonan Yuan , Xingcheng Fu , Jianxin Li
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