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In this paper, we address a key issue of designing architectures and algorithms which generate optimal demand response in a decentralized manner for a smart-grid consisting of several stochastic renewables and dynamic loads. By optimal…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Rahul Singh , Ke Ma , Anupam Thatte , P. R. Kumar , Le Xie

Local electricity markets offer a promising solution for integrating renewable energy sources and other distributed energy resources (DERs) into distribution networks. These markets enable the effective utilization of flexible resources by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Niloofar Pourghaderi , Milad Kabirifar , Payman Dehghanian

In order to prevent the potential frequency instability due to the high Power Electronics (PE) penetration under an unintentional islanding event, this paper presents a novel microgrid scheduling model which explicitly models the system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-01 Zhongda Chu , Ning Zhang , Fei Teng

One of the most important challenges facing an electric grid is to incorporate renewables and distributed energy resources (DERs) to the grid. Because of the associated uncertainties in power generations and peak power demands,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-15 Mayank Baranwal , Srinivasa M. Salapaka

The fast uptake of distributed energy resources (DERs) presents increasing challenges for managing hosting capacity in distribution networks. Existing solutions include direct load control, operating envelopes, and price-based control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Jiawei Zhang , Gregor Verbic , Frederik Geth , Mohsen Aldaadi , Rahmat Heidari , Julio Braslavsky

The aggregate flexibility region of distributed energy resources (DERs) quantifies the aggregate power shaping capabilities of DERs. It characterizes the distribution network's potential for wholesale market participation and grid service…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Feixiang Zhang , Hongyi Li , Bai Cui , Zhaoyu Wang

This paper presents an optimization approach based on the mixed-integer programming (MIP) to maximize the profit of the Microgrid (MG) while minimizing the risk in profit (RIP) in the presence of demand response program (DRP). RIP is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Tohid Khalili , Hamed Ganjeh Ganjehlou , Ali Bidram , Sayyad Nojavan , Somayeh Asadi

Distributed energy storage systems (ESSs) can be efficiently leveraged for load restoration (LR) for a microgrid (MG) in island mode. When the ESSs are owned by third parties rather than the MG operator (MGO), the ESS operating setpoints…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-02 Shourya Bose , Yu Zhang

Flexible energy resources can help balance the power grid by providing different types of ancillary services. However, the balancing potential of most types of resources is restricted by physical constraints such as the size of their energy…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Fabian L. Müller , Stefan Woerner , John Lygeros

The energy transition towards renewable based power provision requires improved monitoring and control of distributed energy resources (DERs), installed predominantly at the distribution grid level. Due to the gradual phase out of thermal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-03 Neelotpal Majumdar , Marcel Sarstedt , Lutz Hofmann

In the Smart Grid with Renewable Energy Resources (RERs), the Residential Units (RUs) with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are considered to be both power consumers and suppliers. Specifically, RUs with excessive renewable generations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Zhitao Guan , Jing Li , Liehuang Zhu , Zijian Zhang , Xiaojiang Du , Mohsen Guizani

In case of high impact low probability events, in order to restore the critical loads of the distribution network as much as possible, it is necessary to employ all available resources such as microgrids and distributed generations. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-15 Ali Shakeri Kahnamouei , Saeed Lotfifard

Distribution grids across the world are undergoing profound changes due to advances in energy technologies. Electrification of the transportation sector and the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), such as photo-voltaic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-02 Athindra Venkatraman , Anupam Thatte , Le Xie

The rapid expansion of data center infrastructure is reshaping power system dynamics by significantly increasing electricity demand while also offering potential for fast and controllable flexibility. To ensure reliable operation under such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Pengyu Ren , Wei Sun , Yifan Wang , Gareth Harrison

We study the joint scheduling of behind-the-meter distributed energy resources (DERs), including flexible loads, renewable generation, and battery energy storage systems, under net energy metering tariffs with demand charges. The problem is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-07 Ruixiao Yang , Gulai Shen , Ahmed S. Alahmed , Chuchu Fan

This paper investigates the planning and operational processes of modern distribution networks (DNs) hosting Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). While in the past the two aspects have been distinct, a methodology is proposed in this paper…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-11 Stavros Karagiannopoulos , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug

{A curtailable and flexible resource activation framework for solving distribution network (DN) voltage and thermal congestions is used to quantify three important aspects with respect to modelling low voltage networks.} This framework…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-08 Md Umar Hashmi , Arpan Koirala , Hakan Ergun , Dirk Van Hertem

We address the problem of load shaping within a network of coupled microgrids (MGs) in a bilevel optimisation framework. To this end, we consider the charging/discharging rates of residential energy storage devices within each MG on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Philipp Sauerteig

Unscheduled islanding events of microgrids result in the transition between grid-connected and islanded modes and induce a sudden and unknown power imbalance, posing a threat to frequency security. To achieve seamless islanding, we propose…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Lun Yang , Haoxiang Yang , Xiaoyu Cao , Xiaohong Guan

In scenarios where high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) is connected to the grid over long distances, the output of RES exhibits significant fluctuations, making it difficult to accurately characterize. The intermittency and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Yuhong Wang , Xinyao Wang , Chen Shen , Jianquan Liao , Qianni Cao , Yufei Teng , Huabo Shi , Gang Chen