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We introduce and consider a certain probability question involving elementary number theory and the likelihood that a fixed prime will appear in a certain recursively defined factorization of an integer. We derive several convergent…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-17 Patrick Devlin , Edinah Gnang

The N distinct prime numbers that make up a composite number M allow $2^{N-1}$ bi partioning into two relatively prime factors. Each such pair defines a pair of conjugate representations. These pairs of conjugate representations, each of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Revzen , A. Mann , J. Zak

We provide a bijection between the set of factorizations, that is, ordered (n-1)-tuples of transpositions in ${\mathcal S}_{n}$ whose product is (12...n), and labelled trees on $n$ vertices. We prove a refinement of a theorem of D\'{e}nes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Ian Goulden , Alexander Yong

We evaluate combinatorially certain connection coefficients of the symmetric group that count the number of factorizations of a long cycle as a product of three permutations. Such factorizations admit an important topological interpretation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Alejandro H. Morales , Ekaterina A. Vassilieva

We consider the problem of factoring permutations as a product of special types of transpositions, namely, those transpositions involving two positions with bounded distances. In particular, we investigate the minimum number, $\delta$, such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-08 Zejun Huang , Chi-Kwong Li , Sharon H. Li , Nung-Sing Sze

We develop direct bijections between the set $F_n^k$ of minimal factorizations of the long cycle $(0\,1\,\cdots\, kn)$ into $(k+1)$-cycle factors and the set $R_n^k$ of rooted labelled forests on vertices $\{1,\ldots,n\}$ with edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-13 John Irving , Amarpreet Rattan

We consider a probability distribution on the set of Boolean functions in n variables which is induced by random Boolean expressions. Such an expression is a random rooted plane tree where the internal vertices are labelled with connectives…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-28 Antoine Genitrini , Bernhard Gittenberger , Veronika Kraus , Cécile Mailler

Consider factorizations into transpositions of an n-cycle in the symmetric group S_n. To every such factorization we assign a monomial in variables w_{ij} that retains the transpositions used, but forgets their order. Summing over all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-24 Yurii Burman , Dimitri Zvonkine

This paper is devoted to the computation of the number of ordered factorizations of a long cycle in the symmetric group where the number of factors is arbitrary and the cycle structure of the factors is given. Jackson (1988) derived the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-15 Ekaterina A. Vassilieva

We demonstrate a method for proving precise concentration inequalities in uniformly random trees on $n$ vertices, where $n\geq1$ is a fixed positive integer. The method uses a bijection between mappings…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Steven Heilman

Inspired by [4] we present a new algorithm for uniformly random generation of ordered trees in which all occuring outdegrees can be specified by a given sequence of numbers. The method can be used for random generation of binary or n-ary…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Aleksander Kiryk

In this paper, we formally introduce the concept of a row-sum matrix over an arbitrary group $G$. When $G$ is cyclic, these types of matrices have been widely used to build uniform 2-factorizations of small Cayley graphs (or, Cayley…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-23 A. C. Burgess , P. Danziger , A. Pastine , T. Traetta

In this article we consider the cycle structure of compositions of pairs of involutions in the symmetric group S_n chosen uniformly at random. These can be modeled as modified 2-regular graphs, giving rise to exponential generating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-19 Michael Lugo

We resolve a long-standing open question, about the existence of a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the average-case \textsc{Decision Tree} problem with uniform probability distribution over the hypotheses. We answer the question…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Michał Szyfelbein

We show that there is a bijection between real-linear automorphisms of the multicomplex numbers of order $n$ and signed permutations of length $2^{n-1}$. This allows us to deduce a number of results on the multicomplex numbers, including a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-11-28 Nicolas Doyon , Pierre-Olivier Parisé , William Verreault

For rings R with identity, we define a class of nonlinear higher order recurrences on unitary left R-modules that include linear recurrences as special cases. We obtain conditions under which a recurrence of order k+1 in this class is…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-10-31 H. Sedaghat

We give a short proof of Cayley's tree formula for counting the number of different labeled trees on $n$ vertices. The following nonlinear recursive relation for the number of labeled trees on $n$ vertices is deduced from a combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Alok Bhushan Shukla

Following Inoue et al., we define a word to be a repetition if it is a (fractional) power of exponent at least 2. A word has a repetition factorization if it is the product of repetitions. We study repetition factorizations in several…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jeffrey Shallit , Xinhao Xu

A celebrated analogy between prime factorizations of integers and cycle decompositions of permutations is explored here. Asymptotic formulas characterizing semismooth numbers (possessing at most several large factors) carry over to random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Steven Finch

We study the probability that a random polynomial with integer coefficients is reducible when factored over the rational numbers. Using computer-generated data, we investigate a number of different models, including both monic and non-monic…