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Unsupervised representation learning holds the promise of exploiting large amounts of unlabeled data to learn general representations. A promising technique for unsupervised learning is the framework of Variational Auto-encoders (VAEs).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Kamal Gupta , Saurabh Singh , Abhinav Shrivastava

With the resurgence of interest in neural networks, representation learning has re-emerged as a central focus in artificial intelligence. Representation learning refers to the discovery of useful encodings of data that make domain-relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Karl Ridgeway

In this work, we develop a simple algorithm for semi-supervised regression. The key idea is to use the top eigenfunctions of integral operator derived from both labeled and unlabeled examples as the basis functions and learn the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Ming Ji , Tianbao Yang , Binbin Lin , Rong Jin , Jiawei Han

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely used deep generative models capable of learning unsupervised latent representations of data. Such representations are often difficult to interpret or control. We consider the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Jack Klys , Jake Snell , Richard Zemel

A central goal of unsupervised learning is to acquire representations from unlabeled data or experience that can be used for more effective learning of downstream tasks from modest amounts of labeled data. Many prior unsupervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Kyle Hsu , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Latent generative models have shown remarkable progress in high-fidelity image synthesis, typically using a two-stage training process that involves compressing images into latent embeddings via learned tokenizers in the first stage. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Tejaswini Medi , Hsien-Yi Wang , Arianna Rampini , Margret Keuper

Self-training is a classical approach in semi-supervised learning which is successfully applied to a variety of machine learning problems. Self-training algorithm generates pseudo-labels for the unlabeled examples and progressively refines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Samet Oymak , Talha Cihad Gulcu

Prediction is a fundamental capability of all living organisms, and has been proposed as an objective for learning sensory representations. Recent work demonstrates that in primate visual systems, prediction is facilitated by neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xueyan Niu , Cristina Savin , Eero P. Simoncelli

Operating directly from raw high dimensional sensory inputs like images is still a challenge for robotic control. Recently, Reinforcement Learning methods have been proposed to solve specific tasks end-to-end, from pixels to torques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Carlos Florensa , Jonas Degrave , Nicolas Heess , Jost Tobias Springenberg , Martin Riedmiller

Self-training is one of the earliest and simplest semi-supervised methods. The key idea is to augment the original labeled dataset with unlabeled data paired with the model's prediction (i.e. the pseudo-parallel data). While self-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Junxian He , Jiatao Gu , Jiajun Shen , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

We study the problem of self-supervised structured representation learning using autoencoders for downstream tasks such as generative modeling. Unlike most methods which rely on matching an arbitrary, relatively unstructured, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Felix Leeb , Guilia Lanzillotta , Yashas Annadani , Michel Besserve , Stefan Bauer , Bernhard Schölkopf

Autoencoding, which aims to reconstruct the input images through a bottleneck latent representation, is one of the classic feature representation learning strategies. It has been shown effective as an auxiliary task for semi-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Yuhao Lin , Haiming Xu , Lingqiao Liu , Jinan Zou , Javen Qinfeng Shi

This work presents a novel probabilistic interpretation of Slow Feature Analysis (SFA) through the lens of variational inference. Unlike prior formulations that recover linear SFA from Gaussian state-space models with linear emissions, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Merlin Schüler , Laurenz Wiskott

Supervised learning is classically formulated as training a model to minimize a fixed loss function over a fixed distribution, or task. However, an emerging paradigm instead views model training as extracting enough information from data so…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Nika Haghtalab , Daniel Hsu , Brian Lee , Eric Zhao

We consider the linear regression problem under semi-supervised settings wherein the available data typically consists of: (i) a small or moderate sized 'labeled' data, and (ii) a much larger sized 'unlabeled' data. Such data arises…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-02 Abhishek Chakrabortty , Tianxi Cai

Deep directed generative models have attracted much attention recently due to their expressive representation power and the ability of ancestral sampling. One major difficulty of learning directed models with many latent variables is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Siqi Nie , Qiang Ji

Language modeling on large-scale datasets leads to impressive performance gains on various downstream language tasks. The validation pre-training loss (or perplexity in autoregressive language modeling) is often used as the evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Hong Liu , Sang Michael Xie , Zhiyuan Li , Tengyu Ma

Recently self-supervised learning has been proposed in the field of human activity recognition as a solution to the labelled data availability problem. The idea being that by using pretext tasks such as reconstruction or contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Vitor Fortes Rey , Dominique Nshimyimana , Paul Lukowicz

In the human brain, internal states are often correlated over time (due to local recurrence and other intrinsic circuit properties), punctuated by abrupt transitions. At first glance, temporal smoothness of internal states presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Shima Rahimi Moghaddam , Fanjun Bu , Christopher J. Honey

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been used extensively to discover low-dimensional latent factors governing neural activity and animal behavior. However, without careful model selection, the uncovered latent factors may reflect noise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Julia Huiming Wang , Dexter Tsin , Tatiana Engel