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This book chapter delves into the dynamics of continual learning, which is the process of incrementally learning from a non-stationary stream of data. Although continual learning is a natural skill for the human brain, it is very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Gido M. van de Ven , Nicholas Soures , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

We present a large-scale empirical study of catastrophic forgetting (CF) in modern Deep Neural Network (DNN) models that perform sequential (or: incremental) learning. A new experimental protocol is proposed that enforces typical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-11 B. Pfülb , A. Gepperth

Continual learning is a challenge for models with static architecture, as they fail to adapt to when data distributions evolve across tasks. We introduce a mathematical framework that jointly models architecture and weights in a Sobolev…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Allyson Hahn , Krishnan Raghavan

Neural networks can achieve excellent results in a wide variety of applications. However, when they attempt to sequentially learn, they tend to learn the new task while catastrophically forgetting previous ones. We propose a model that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Craig Atkinson , Brendan McCane , Lech Szymanski , Anthony Robins

Humans learn all their life long. They accumulate knowledge from a sequence of learning experiences and remember the essential concepts without forgetting what they have learned previously. Artificial neural networks struggle to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Timothée Lesort

A common challenge in continual learning (CL) is catastrophic forgetting, where the performance on old tasks drops after new, additional tasks are learned. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called ReCL to slow down forgetting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Pascal Janetzky , Tobias Schlagenhauf , Stefan Feuerriegel

Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in continual learning, in which a model loses prior knowledge when it is fine-tuned on new tasks. This problem is particularly critical for large language models (LLMs) undergoing continual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ege Süalp , Mina Rezaei

Predictive process monitoring (PPM) focuses on predicting future process trajectories, including next activity predictions. This is crucial in dynamic environments where processes change or face uncertainty. However, current frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Marwan Hassani , Tamara Verbeek , Sjoerd van Straten

Large language models store all learned knowledge in a single, fixed weight vector. Teaching a model new capabilities requires modifying those same weights, inevitably degrading previously acquired knowledge. This fundamental limitation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sarim Chaudhry

GNNs have been proven to perform highly effective in various node-level, edge-level, and graph-level prediction tasks in several domains. Existing approaches mainly focus on static graphs. However, many graphs change over time with their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Bahareh Najafi , Saeedeh Parsaeefard , Alberto Leon-Garcia

Recently, self-supervised representation learning gives further development in multimedia technology. Most existing self-supervised learning methods are applicable to packaged data. However, when it comes to streamed data, they are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Zhiwei Lin , Yongtao Wang , Hongxiang Lin

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful architecture for tackling graph learning tasks, yet have been shown to be oblivious to eminent substructures such as cycles. We present TOGL, a novel layer that incorporates global topological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Max Horn , Edward De Brouwer , Michael Moor , Yves Moreau , Bastian Rieck , Karsten Borgwardt

Deep learning models suffer from catastrophic forgetting when trained in an incremental learning setting. In this work, we propose a novel approach to address the task incremental learning problem, which involves training a model on new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Pravendra Singh , Pratik Mazumder , Piyush Rai , Vinay P. Namboodiri

An important problem in machine learning is the ability to learn tasks in a sequential manner. If trained with standard first-order methods most models forget previously learned tasks when trained on a new task, which is often referred to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-10 Reinhard Heckel

Despite significant advances in graph representation learning, little attention has been paid to the more practical continual learning scenario in which new categories of nodes (e.g., new research areas in citation networks, or new types of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Xikun Zhang , Dongjin Song , Dacheng Tao

Deep Neural Network (DNN) has achieved great success on datasets of closed class set. However, new classes, like new categories of social media topics, are continuously added to the real world, making it necessary to incrementally learn.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Wenzhuo Liu , Xinjian Wu , Fei Zhu , Mingming Yu , Chuang Wang , Cheng-Lin Liu

Catastrophe theory was originally proposed to study dynamical systems that exhibit sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes in input. These models can generate reasonable explanation behind abrupt jumps in nonlinear dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Ranadeep Daw , Zhuoqiong He

In the present work we propose a Deep Feed Forward network architecture which can be trained according to a sequential learning paradigm, where tasks of increasing difficulty are learned sequentially, yet avoiding catastrophic forgetting.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Guglielmo Montone , J. Kevin O'Regan , Alexander V. Terekhov

We present Gaussian Mixture Replay (GMR), a rehearsal-based approach for continual learning (CL) based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). CL approaches are intended to tackle the problem of catastrophic forgetting (CF), which occurs for Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Benedikt Pfülb , Alexander Gepperth

Artificial neural networks are well-known to be susceptible to catastrophic forgetting when continually learning from sequences of tasks. Various continual (or "incremental") learning approaches have been proposed to avoid catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Muhammad Umer , Glenn Dawson , Robi Polikar