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Plug-and-play (PnP) is a non-convex framework that combines ADMM or other proximal algorithms with advanced denoiser priors. Recently, PnP has achieved great empirical success, especially with the integration of deep learning-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-19 Kaixuan Wei , Angelica Aviles-Rivero , Jingwei Liang , Ying Fu , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Hua Huang

Plug-and-play priors (PnP) is a broadly applicable methodology for solving inverse problems by exploiting statistical priors specified as denoisers. Recent work has reported the state-of-the-art performance of PnP algorithms using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Yu Sun , Zihui Wu , Xiaojian Xu , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

Plug-and-Play (PnP) methods solve ill-posed inverse problems through iterative proximal algorithms by replacing a proximal operator by a denoising operation. When applied with deep neural network denoisers, these methods have shown…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Samuel Hurault , Arthur Leclaire , Nicolas Papadakis

In this work, we present new proofs of convergence for Plug-and-Play (PnP) algorithms. PnP methods are efficient iterative algorithms for solving image inverse problems where regularization is performed by plugging a pre-trained denoiser in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-03 Samuel Hurault , Antonin Chambolle , Arthur Leclaire , Nicolas Papadakis

Inverse problems lie at the heart of modern imaging science, with broad applications in areas such as medical imaging, remote sensing, and microscopy. Recent years have witnessed a paradigm shift in solving imaging inverse problems, where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Hong Ye Tan , Subhadip Mukherjee , Junqi Tang

The Plug-and-Play (PnP) ADMM algorithm is a powerful image restoration framework that allows advanced image denoising priors to be integrated into physical forward models to generate high quality image restoration results. However, despite…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-21 Stanley H. Chan

Plug-and-play (PnP) is a non-convex framework that integrates modern denoising priors, such as BM3D or deep learning-based denoisers, into ADMM or other proximal algorithms. An advantage of PnP is that one can use pre-trained denoisers when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Ernest K. Ryu , Jialin Liu , Sicheng Wang , Xiaohan Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Wotao Yin

Plug-and-Play Priors (PnP) is one of the most widely-used frameworks for solving computational imaging problems through the integration of physical models and learned models. PnP leverages high-fidelity physical sensor models and powerful…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-18 Ulugbek S. Kamilov , Charles A. Bouman , Gregery T. Buzzard , Brendt Wohlberg

The recently proposed plug-and-play (PnP) framework allows leveraging recent developments in image denoising to tackle other, more involved, imaging inverse problems. In a PnP method, a black-box denoiser is plugged into an iterative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-03 Afonso M. Teodoro , José M. Bioucas-Dias , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

This paper presents a new convergent Plug-and-Play (PnP) algorithm. PnP methods are efficient iterative algorithms for solving image inverse problems formulated as the minimization of the sum of a data-fidelity term and a regularization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-06 Samuel Hurault , Antonin Chambolle , Arthur Leclaire , Nicolas Papadakis

Plug-and-play priors (PnP) is an image reconstruction framework that uses an image denoiser as an imaging prior. Unlike traditional regularized inversion, PnP does not require the prior to be expressible in the form of a regularization…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-27 Xiaojian Xu , Jiaming Liu , Yu Sun , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

In this paper, we introduce Plug-and-Play (PnP) Flow Matching, an algorithm for solving imaging inverse problems. PnP methods leverage the strength of pre-trained denoisers, often deep neural networks, by integrating them in optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ségolène Martin , Anne Gagneux , Paul Hagemann , Gabriele Steidl

In plug-and-play (PnP) regularization, the knowledge of the forward model is combined with a powerful denoiser to obtain state-of-the-art image reconstructions. This is typically done by taking a proximal algorithm such as FISTA or ADMM,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-12 Ruturaj G. Gavaskar , Chirayu D. Athalye , Kunal N. Chaudhury

In plug-and-play (PnP) regularization, the proximal operator in algorithms such as ISTA and ADMM is replaced by a powerful denoiser. This formal substitution works surprisingly well in practice. In fact, PnP has been shown to give…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Chirayu D. Athalye , Kunal N. Chaudhury , Bhartendu Kumar

For image recovery problems, plug-and-play (PnP) methods have been developed that replace the proximal step in an optimization algorithm with a call to an application-specific denoiser, often implemented using a deep neural network.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Saurav K Shastri , Rizwan Ahmad , Christopher A Metzler , Philip Schniter

Plug-and-play (PnP) method is a recent paradigm for image regularization, where the proximal operator (associated with some given regularizer) in an iterative algorithm is replaced with a powerful denoiser. Algorithmically, this involves…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Ruturaj G. Gavaskar , Kunal N. Chaudhury

Plug-and-Play (PnP) methods are a class of efficient iterative methods that aim to combine data fidelity terms and deep denoisers using classical optimization algorithms, such as ISTA or ADMM, with applications in inverse problems and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Hong Ye Tan , Subhadip Mukherjee , Junqi Tang , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

We propose a general deep plug-and-play (PnP) algorithm with a theoretical convergence guarantee. PnP strategies have demonstrated outstanding performance in various image restoration tasks by exploiting the powerful priors underlying…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-19 Yodai Suzuki , Ryosuke Isono , Shunsuke Ono

Plug-and-Play Priors (PnP) is a popular framework for solving imaging inverse problems by integrating learned priors in the form of denoisers trained to remove Gaussian noise from images. In standard PnP methods, the denoiser is applied…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Edward P. Chandler , Shirin Shoushtari , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

Plug-and-Play (PnP) priors is a widely-used family of methods for solving imaging inverse problems by integrating physical measurement models with image priors specified using image denoisers. PnP methods have been shown to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Shirin Shoushtari , Jiaming Liu , Edward P. Chandler , M. Salman Asif , Ulugbek S. Kamilov
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