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The text of clinical notes can be a valuable source of patient information and clinical assessments. Historically, the primary approach for exploiting clinical notes has been information extraction: linking spans of text to concepts in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Sarah Wiegreffe , Edward Choi , Sherry Yan , Jimeng Sun , Jacob Eisenstein

The application of new artificial intelligence (AI) discoveries is transforming healthcare research. However, the standards of reporting are variable in this still evolving field, leading to potential research waste. The aim of this work is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Clare McGenity , Darren Treanor

The extraction of lung lesion information from clinical and medical imaging reports is crucial for research on and clinical care of lung-related diseases. Large language models (LLMs) can be effective at interpreting unstructured text in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Diya Li , Asim Kadav , Aijing Gao , Rui Li , Richard Bourgon

Clinical decision-making is a fundamental stage in delivering appropriate care to patients. In recent years several decision-making systems designed to aid the clinician in this process have been developed. However, technical solutions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Rakhilya Lee Mekhtieva , Brandon Forbes , Dalal Alrajeh , Brendan Delaney , Alessandra Russo

The success of deep learning is largely due to the availability of large amounts of training data that cover a wide range of examples of a particular concept or meaning. In the field of medicine, having a diverse set of training data on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Edward Y. Chang

Automatic extraction of clinical concepts is an essential step for turning the unstructured data within a clinical note into structured and actionable information. In this work, we propose a clinical concept extraction model for automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Henghui Zhu , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis , Amir Tahmasebi

In clinical research and clinical decision-making, it is important to know if a study changes or only supports the current standards of care for specific disease management. We define such a change as transformative and a support as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Xuanyu Shi , Jian Du

There has been a surge of interest in leveraging speech as a marker of health for a wide spectrum of conditions. The underlying premise is that any neurological, mental, or physical deficits that impact speech production can be objectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-30 Si-Ioi Ng , Lingfeng Xu , Ingo Siegert , Nicholas Cummins , Nina R. Benway , Julie Liss , Visar Berisha

In most clinical practice settings, there is no rigorous reviewing of the clinical documentation, resulting in inaccurate information captured in the patient medical records. The gold standard in clinical data capturing is achieved via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 George Michalopoulos , Helen Chen , Alexander Wong

Biomedical research papers use significantly different language and jargon when compared to typical English text, which reduces the utility of pre-trained NLP models in this domain. Meanwhile Medline, a database of biomedical abstracts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Justin Sybrandt , Ilya Safro

Remarkable success of modern image-based AI methods and the resulting interest in their applications in critical decision-making processes has led to a surge in efforts to make such intelligent systems transparent and explainable. The need…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Adriano Lucieri , Muhammad Naseer Bajwa , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Current benchmarks for AI clinician systems, often based on multiple-choice exams or manual rubrics, fail to capture the depth, robustness, and safety required for real-world clinical practice. To address this, we introduce the GAPS…

The lack of explainability using relevant clinical knowledge hinders the adoption of Artificial Intelligence-powered analysis of unstructured clinical dialogue. A wealth of relevant, untapped Mental Health (MH) data is available in online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Sumit Dalal , Deepa Tilwani , Kaushik Roy , Manas Gaur , Sarika Jain , Valerie Shalin , Amit Sheth

Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated strong potential in clinical diagnostics, often achieving accuracy comparable to or exceeding that of human experts. A key challenge, however, is that AI reasoning frequently diverges from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Belona Sonna , Alban Grastien

A long-running goal of the clinical NLP community is the extraction of important variables trapped in clinical notes. However, roadblocks have included dataset shift from the general domain and a lack of public clinical corpora and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Monica Agrawal , Stefan Hegselmann , Hunter Lang , Yoon Kim , David Sontag

Recent advances in deep learning and natural language generation have significantly improved image captioning, enabling automated, human-like descriptions for visual content. In this work, we apply these captioning techniques to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Amnon Bleich , Antje Linnemann , Bjoern H. Diem , Tim OF Conrad

In Explainable AI, rule extraction translates model knowledge into logical rules, such as IF-THEN statements, crucial for understanding patterns learned by black-box models. This could significantly aid in fields like disease diagnosis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Yu Chen , Tianyu Cui , Alexander Capstick , Nan Fletcher-Loyd , Payam Barnaghi

Objective: We investigate whether deep learning techniques for natural language processing (NLP) can be used efficiently for patient phenotyping. Patient phenotyping is a classification task for determining whether a patient has a medical…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping modern healthcare by advancing disease diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and biomedical research. Among AI technologies, large language models (LLMs) have become especially impactful, enabling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zhengda Wang , Daqian Shi , Jingyi Zhao , Xiaolei Diao , Xiongfeng Tang , Yanguo Qin

This study applies Large Language Models (LLMs) to two foundational Electronic Health Record (EHR) data science tasks: structured data querying (using programmatic languages, Python/Pandas) and information extraction from unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juan Jose Rubio Jan , Jack Wu , Julia Ive