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Graphs are structured data that models complex relations between real-world entities. Heterophilic graphs, where linked nodes are prone to be with different labels or dissimilar features, have recently attracted significant attention and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Chenghua Gong , Yao Cheng , Jianxiang Yu , Can Xu , Caihua Shan , Siqiang Luo , Xiang Li

We study the task of node classification for graph neural networks (GNNs) and establish a connection between group fairness, as measured by statistical parity and equal opportunity, and local assortativity, i.e., the tendency of linked…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Donald Loveland , Jiong Zhu , Mark Heimann , Ben Fish , Michael T. Schaub , Danai Koutra

Graph is a fundamental mathematical structure in characterizing relations between different objects and has been widely used on various learning tasks. Most methods implicitly assume a given graph to be accurate and complete. However, real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Xuanting Xie , Zhao Kang , Wenyu Chen

Real-world networks usually have a property of node heterophily, that is, the connected nodes usually have different features or different labels. This heterophily issue has been extensively studied in homogeneous graphs but remains…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ziyu Zheng , Yaming Yang , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao , Weigang Lu

In online social networks, it is common to use predictions of node categories to estimate measures of homophily and other relational properties. However, online social network data often lacks basic demographic information about the nodes.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-01-31 George Berry , Antonio Sirianni , Ingmar Weber , Jisun An , Michael Macy

Graph Domain Adaptation (GDA) transfers knowledge from labeled source graphs to unlabeled target graphs, addressing the challenge of label scarcity. In this paper, we highlight the significance of graph homophily, a pivotal factor for graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ruiyi Fang , Bingheng Li , Jingyu Zhao , Ruizhi Pu , Qiuhao Zeng , Gezheng Xu , Charles Ling , Boyu Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be useful for many different practical applications. However, many existing GNN models have implicitly assumed homophily among the nodes connected in the graph, and therefore have largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Jiong Zhu , Ryan A. Rossi , Anup Rao , Tung Mai , Nedim Lipka , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Danai Koutra

Measure the similarity of the nodes in the complex networks have interested many researchers to explore it. In this paper, a new method which is based on the degree centrality and the Relative-entropy is proposed to measure the similarity…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-02-04 Qi Zhang , Meizhu Li , Yong Deng , Sankaran Mahadevan

Homophily -- the tendency of individuals to interact with similar others -- shapes how networks form and function. Yet existing approaches typically collapse homophily to a single scale, either one parameter for the whole network or one per…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-16 Abbas K. Rizi , Riccardo Michielan , Clara Stegehuis , Mikko Kivelä

Homophily -- the tendency of nodes to connect to others of the same type -- is a central issue in the study of networks. Here we take a local view of homophily, defining notions of first-order homophily of a node (its individual tendency to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Anna Evtushenko , Jon Kleinberg

Precisely quantifying the heterogeneity or disorder of a network system is very important and desired in studies of behavior and function of the network system. Although many degree-based entropies have been proposed to measure the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-10-09 Yanghua Xiao , Wentao Wu , Hui Wang , Momiao Xiong , Wei Wang

Homophily, as a measure, has been critical to increasing our understanding of graph neural networks (GNNs). However, to date this measure has only been analyzed in the context of static graphs. In our work, we explore homophily in dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Michael Ito , Danai Koutra , Jenna Wiens

Graph heterophily, where connected nodes have different labels, has attracted significant interest recently. Most existing works adopt a simplified approach - using low-pass filters for homophilic graphs and high-pass filters for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shuaicheng Zhang , Haohui Wang , Junhong Lin , Xiaojie Guo , Yada Zhu , Si Zhang , Dongqi Fu , Dawei Zhou

Graph homophily refers to the phenomenon that connected nodes tend to share similar characteristics. Understanding this concept and its related metrics is crucial for designing effective Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). The most widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yilun Zheng , Sitao Luan , Lihui Chen

Sampling from large networks represents a fundamental challenge for social network research. In this paper, we explore the sensitivity of different sampling techniques (node sampling, edge sampling, random walk sampling, and snowball…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Claudia Wagner , Philipp Singer , Fariba Karimi , Jürgen Pfeffer , Markus Strohmaier

Assessing homophily in large-scale networks is central to understanding structural regularities in graphs, and thus inform the choice of models (such as graph neural networks) adopted to learn from network data. Evaluation of smoothness…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Hamed Ajorlou , Gonzalo Mateos , Luana Ruiz

The purpose of this study is to investigate how homophily, memory constraints, and adversarial disruptions collectively shape the resilience and adaptability of complex networks. To achieve this, we develop a new framework that integrates…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Saad Alqithami

The widespread relevance of complex networks is a valuable tool in the analysis of a broad range of systems. There is a demand for tools which enable the extraction of meaningful information and allow the comparison between different…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-03-30 Kathryn Cooper , Mauricio Barahona

Different types of graphs and complex networks have been characterized, analyzed, and modeled based on measurements of their respective topology. However, the available networks may constitute approximations of the original structure as a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Alexandre Benatti , Roberto M. Cesar , Luciano da F. Costa

Heterophily, or the tendency of connected nodes in networks to have different class labels or dissimilar features, has been identified as challenging for many Graph Neural Network (GNN) models. While the challenges of applying GNNs for node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Jiong Zhu , Gaotang Li , Yao-An Yang , Jing Zhu , Xuehao Cui , Danai Koutra