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An algebraic structure related to discrete zero curvature equations is established. It is used to give an approach for generating master symmetries of first degree for systems of discrete evolution equations and an answer to why there exist…

solv-int · Physics 2015-06-26 Wen-Xiu Ma , Benno Fuchssteiner

In this study, a new extension of the Markov Renewal theory is introduced by allowing time to evolve in multiple dimensions. The resulting chains are referred to as multi-time Markov Renewal chains and since this extension is new, the state…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Leonidas Kordalis , Samis Trevezas

We study polynomial identities of algebras with involution of nonassociative algebras over a field of characteristic zero. We prove that the growth of the sequence of $*$-codimensions of a finite-dimensional algebra is exponentially…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-10-20 Dušan D. Repovš , Mikhail V. Zaicev

We initiate a study of the growth and matrix-valued Hilbert series of non-negatively graded twisted Calabi-Yau algebras that are homomorphic images of path algebras of weighted quivers, generalizing techniques previously used to investigate…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-09-26 Manuel L. Reyes , Daniel Rogalski

We consider absolutely free nonassociative algebras and, more generally, absolutely free algebras with (maybe infinitely) many multilinear operations. Such algebras are described in terms of labeled reduced planar rooted trees. This allows…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-03-25 Vesselin Drensky , Ralf Holtkamp

Given a finite state space E, we build a universal dilation for all possible discrete time Markov chains on E, homogeneous or not: we introduce a second system (an ``environment'') and a deterministic invertible time-homogeneous global…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Gregoratti

We study evolution algebras of arbitrary dimension. We analyze in deep the notions of evolution subalgebras, ideals and non-degeneracy and describe the ideals generated by one element and characterize the simple evolution algebras. We also…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-02-04 Yolanda Cabrera Casado , Mercedes Siles Molina , M. Victoria Velasco

We study the well-posedness of nonautonomous nonlinear delay equations in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ as evolutionary equations in a proper Hilbert space. We present a construction of solving operators (nonautonomous case) or nonlinear semigroups…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-02-08 Mikhail Anikushin

We classify (possibly non commutative) algebras of low rank over a domain R. We first review results for algebras of rank 2 and for finite-dimensional division algebras over the real numbers. These results motivate us to consider which…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-12-24 Alex S. E. Levin

It is known that any multiplication of a finite dimensional algebra is determined by a matrix of structural constants. In general, this is a cubic matrix. Difficulty of investigation of an algebra depends on the cubic matrix. Such a cubic…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-10-10 A. N. Imomkulov , U. A. Rozikov

We study nonmatrix varieties of $\mathbf{k}$-algebras, where $\mathbf{k}$ is a unital commutative ring. Our results extend to this generality known results for the case in which $\mathbf{k}$ is an infinite field. Also, we generalize these…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Thiago Castilho de Mello , Felipe Yukihide Yasumura

We develop the theory of ``branch algebras'', which are infinite-dimensional associative algebras that are isomorphic, up to taking subrings of finite codimension, to a matrix ring over themselves. The main examples come from groups acting…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-11-27 Laurent Bartholdi

There exists two types of nonassociative algebras whose associator satisfies a symmetric relation associated with a 1-dimensional invariant vector space with respect to the natural action of the symmetric group on three elements. The first…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-10-06 Elisabeth Remm , Michel Goze

Recently by Casas, Ladra and Rozikov a notion of a chain of evolution algebras is introduced. This chain is a dynamical system the state of which at each given time is an evolution algebra. The sequence of matrices of the structural…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-05-21 U. A. Rozikov , Sh. N. Murodov

In this paper, having introduced a convergence of a series on the root vectors in the Abel-Lidskii sense, we present a valuable application to the evolution equations. The main issue of the paper is an approach allowing us to principally…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Maksim V. Kukushkin

The paper is devoted to the study of finite dimensional complex evolution algebras. The class of evolution algebras isomorphic to evolution algebras with Jordan form matrices is described. For finite dimensional complex evolution algebras…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2018-05-01 L. M. Camacho , J. R. Gómez , B. A. Omirov , R. M. Turdibaev

We construct a family of connected Hopf algebras with finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension, none of which is an iterated Hopf Ore extension of the universal enveloping algebra of its primitive part. This provides a negative answer to a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Mengying Hu , Quanshui Wu

We propose an extension of the classical variational theory of evolution equations that accounts for dynamics also in possibly non-reflexive and non-separable spaces. The pivoting point is to establish a novel variational structure, based…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-09-17 Alexander Menovschikov , Anastasia Molchanova , Luca Scarpa

The evolutionary process has been modelled in many ways using both stochastic and deterministic models. We develop an algebraic model of evolution in a population of asexually reproducing organisms in which we represent a stochastic walk in…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-01-18 Daniel Nichol , Peter Jeavons , Robert Bonomo , Philip K. Maini , Jerome L. Paul , Robert A. Gatenby , Alexander R. A. Anderson , Jacob G. Scott

We introduce \emph{expander evolution algebras} (EEAs), a class of nonassociative algebras defined over an arbitrary field $\K$ in which the underlying undirected loopless graph of the algebra -- in the sense of Kowalski -- is an expander…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Piero Giacomelli