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In education applications, knowledge tracing refers to the problem of estimating students' time-varying concept/skill mastery level from their past responses to questions and predicting their future performance. One key limitation of most…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Naiming Liu , Zichao Wang , Richard G. Baraniuk , Andrew Lan

Humans ability to transfer knowledge through teaching is one of the essential aspects for human intelligence. A human teacher can track the knowledge of students to customize the teaching on students needs. With the rise of online education…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ghodai Abdelrahman , Qing Wang , Bernardo Pereira Nunes

Designed to track changes in students' knowledge status and predict their future answers based on students' historical answer records. Current research on KT modeling focuses on predicting future student performance based on existing,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Lixiang Xu , Xianwei Ding , Xin Yuan , Zhanlong Wang , Lu Bai , Enhong Chen , Philip S. Yu , Yuanyan Tang

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to predict the future performance of students by tracking the development of their knowledge states. Despite all the recent progress made in this field, the application of KT models in education systems is still…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Panagiotis Pagonis , Kai Hartung , Di Wu , Munir Georges , Sören Gröttrup

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to estimate a student's evolving knowledge state and predict their performance on new exercises based on performance history. Many realistic classroom settings for KT are typically low-resource in data and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xinyi Gao , Qiucheng Wu , Yang Zhang , Xuechen Liu , Kaizhi Qian , Ying Xu , Shiyu Chang

Knowledge Base, represents facts about the world, often in some form of subsumption ontology, rather than implicitly, embedded in procedural code, the way a conventional computer program does. While there is a rapid growth in knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Sai Sharath Japa , Rekabdar Banafsheh

KnowledgeTracing (KT) involves predicting students' knowledge states based on their interactions with Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). A key challenge is the cold start problem, accurately predicting knowledge for new students with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Indronil Bhattacharjee , Christabel Wayllace

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a fundamental task in educational data mining that mainly focuses on students' dynamic cognitive states of skills. The question-answering process of students can be regarded as a thinking process that considers the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Haotian Zhang , Chenyang Bu , Fei Liu , Shuochen Liu , Yuhong Zhang , Xuegang Hu

The 2017 ASSISTments Data Mining competition aims to use data from a longitudinal study for predicting a brand-new outcome of students which had never been studied before by the educational data mining research community. Specifically, it…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Chun-kit Yeung , Zizheng Lin , Kai Yang , Dit-yan Yeung

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is to trace the knowledge of students as they solve a sequence of problems represented by their related skills. This involves abstract concepts of students' states of knowledge and the interactions between those…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Jinseok Lee , Dit-Yan Yeung

Modern online education has the capacity to provide intelligent educational services by automatically analyzing substantial amounts of student behavioral data. Knowledge Tracing (KT) is one of the fundamental tasks for student behavioral…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Shuanghong Shen , Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Yonghe Zheng , Minghao Yin , Minjuan Wang , Enhong Chen

Knowledge tracing allows Intelligent Tutoring Systems to infer which topics or skills a student has mastered, thus adjusting curriculum accordingly. Deep Learning based models like Deep Knowledge Tracing (DKT) and Dynamic Key-Value Memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Xinyi Ding , Eric C. Larson

With the rapid development in online education, knowledge tracing (KT) has become a fundamental problem which traces students' knowledge status and predicts their performance on new questions. Questions are often numerous in online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Yang Yang , Jian Shen , Yanru Qu , Yunfei Liu , Kerong Wang , Yaoming Zhu , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

The knowledge that humans hold about a problem often extends far beyond a set of training data and output labels. While the success of deep learning mostly relies on supervised training, important properties cannot be inferred efficiently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Damien Teney , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Anton van den Hengel

The Knowledge Tracing (KT) task focuses on predicting a learner's future performance based on the historical interactions. The knowledge state plays a key role in learning process. However, considering that the knowledge state is influenced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shanshan Wang , Xueying Zhang , Keyang Wang , Xun Yang , Xingyi Zhang

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to monitor students' evolving knowledge states through their learning interactions with concept-related questions, and can be indirectly evaluated by predicting how students will perform on future questions. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Chaoran Cui , Hebo Ma , Chen Zhang , Chunyun Zhang , Yumo Yao , Meng Chen , Yuling Ma

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to predict students' responses to practices based on their historical question-answering behaviors. However, most current KT methods focus on improving overall AUC, leaving ample room for optimization in modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Moyu Zhang , Xinning Zhu , Chunhong Zhang , Feng Pan , Wenchen Qian , Hui Zhao

Recent student knowledge modeling algorithms such as Deep Knowledge Tracing (DKT) and Dynamic Key-Value Memory Networks (DKVMN) have been shown to produce accurate predictions of problem correctness within the same learning system. However,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Richard Scruggs , Ryan S. Baker , Bruce M. McLaren

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a popular approach for modeling students' learning progress over time, which can enable more personalized and adaptive learning. However, existing KT approaches face two major limitations: (1) they rely heavily on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yilmazcan Ozyurt , Stefan Feuerriegel , Mrinmaya Sachan

Knowledge Transfer (KT) techniques tackle the problem of transferring the knowledge from a large and complex neural network into a smaller and faster one. However, existing KT methods are tailored towards classification tasks and they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Nikolaos Passalis , Anastasios Tefas