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Opacity is an important system-theoretic property expressing whether a system may reveal its secret to a passive observer (an intruder) who knows the structure of the system but has only limited observations of its behavior. Several notions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-16 Jiří Balun , Tomáš Masopust

Classical opacity theory for discrete-event systems relies strictly on observable event sequences, fundamentally failing to capture security breaches in hybrid architectures where an attacker exploits both classical traces and localized…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sichen Ding , Zhiwu Li

In this paper, we investigate the property verification problem for partially-observed DES from a new perspective. Specifically, we consider the problem setting where the system is observed by two agents independently, each with its own…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-11 Bohan Cui , Ziyue Ma , Shaoyuan Li , Xiang Yin

The internal state of a dynamical system, a set of variables that defines its evolving configuration, is often hidden and cannot be fully measured, posing a central challenge for real-time monitoring and control. While observers are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Yuan Zhang , Ziyuan Luo , Wenxuan Xu , Jiayu Wu , Wenqi Cao , Ranbo Cheng , Tingting Qin , Yuanqing Xia , Mohamed Darouach , Aming Li , Tyrone Fernando

Opacity is a general language-theoretic framework in which several security properties of a system can be expressed. Its parameters are a predicate, given as a subset of runs of the system, and an observation function, from the set of runs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-20 B. Bérard , J. Mullins , M. Sassolas

The security in information-flow has become a major concern for cyber-physical systems (CPSs). In this work, we focus on the analysis of an information-flow security property, called opacity. Opacity characterizes the plausible deniability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-29 Siyuan Liu , Abdalla Swikir , Majid Zamani

Opacity is a confidentiality property that characterizes the non-disclosure of specified secret information of a system to an outside observer. In this paper, we consider the enforcement of opacity within the discrete-event system formalism…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Bo Wu , Jin Dai , Hai Lin

We formulate notions of opacity for cyberphysical systems modeled as discrete-time linear time-invariant systems. A set of secret states is $k$-ISO with respect to a set of nonsecret states if, starting from these sets at time $0$, the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Rance Cleaveland , Steven I. Marcus

Opacity is a generic security property, that has been defined on (non probabilistic) transition systems and later on Markov chains with labels. For a secret predicate, given as a subset of runs, and a function describing the view of an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Béatrice Bérard , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Nathalie Sznajder

In this paper, we investigate the enforcement of opacity via supervisory control in the context of discrete-event systems. A system is said to be opaque if the intruder, which is modeled as a passive observer, can never infer confidently…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Yifan Xie , Xiang Yin , Shaoyuan Li

In this paper, we investigate property verification problems in partially-observed discrete-event systems (DES). Particularly, we are interested in verifying observational properties that are related to the information-flow of the system.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-20 Jianing Zhao , Xiang Yin , Shaoyuan Li

This paper discusses a general framework for designing robust state estimators for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. We consider systems that may be impacted by impulsive (sparse but otherwise arbitrary) measurement noise…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Laurent Bako , Madiha Nadri , Vincent Andrieu , Qinghua Zhang

Inspired by privacy problems where the behavior of a system should not be revealed to an external curious observer, we investigate event concealment and concealability enforcement in discrete event systems modeled as non-deterministic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wei Duan , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Zhiwu Li

State estimation constitutes a core task in monitoring, supervision, and control of dynamic systems. This paper proposes a data-driven framework for the design of state observers for descriptor systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Yuan Zhang , Yu Wang , Keke Huang , Zhongqi Sun , Tyrone Fernando

Predicting pedestrian crossing intentions is crucial for the navigation of mobile robots and intelligent vehicles. Although recent deep learning-based models have shown significant success in forecasting intentions, few consider incomplete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yu Liu , Zhijie Liu , Zedong Yang , You-Fu Li , He Kong

Constant-time programming is a countermeasure to prevent cache based attacks where programs should not perform memory accesses that depend on secrets. In some cases this policy can be safely relaxed if one can prove that the program does…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Cristian Ene , Laurent Mounier , Marie-Laure Potet

Discrete-event systems usually consist of discrete states and transitions between them caused by spontaneous occurrences of labelled (aka partially-observed) events. Due to the partially-observed feature, fundamental properties therein…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-24 Kuize Zhang

In this paper, we consider the problem of verifying pre-opacity for discrete-time control systems. Pre-opacity is an important information-flow security property that secures the intention of a system to execute some secret behaviors in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-09 Junyao Hou , Siyuan Liu , Xiang Yin , Majid Zamani

This paper proposes deception as a mechanism for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization: by learning data representations that make training data appear independent and identically distributed (iid) to an observer, we can identify stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Anirudha Majumdar

In this thesis we consider the problem of information hiding in the scenarios of interactive systems, statistical disclosure control, and refinement of specifications. We apply quantitative approaches to information flow in the first two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-02-14 Mário S. Alvim