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We analyze the dynamics of finite width effects in wide but finite feature learning neural networks. Starting from a dynamical mean field theory description of infinite width deep neural network kernel and prediction dynamics, we provide a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-08 Blake Bordelon , Cengiz Pehlevan

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are now a well-established tool for solving computational imaging problems. Modern CNN-based algorithms obtain state-of-the-art performance in diverse image restoration problems. Furthermore, it has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Julián Tachella , Junqi Tang , Mike Davies

Recent developments in applications of artificial neural networks with over $n=10^{14}$ parameters make it extremely important to study the large $n$ behaviour of such networks. Most works studying wide neural networks have focused on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Luís Carvalho , João Lopes Costa , José Mourão , Gonçalo Oliveira

Transformers have become the dominant architecture in modern machine learning, yet the theoretical understanding of their training dynamics remains limited. This paper develops a rigorous mathematical framework for analyzing gradient-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Raphaël Barboni , Maarten V. de Hoop , Takashi Furuya , Gabriel Peyré

We study the eigenvalue distributions of the Conjugate Kernel and Neural Tangent Kernel associated to multi-layer feedforward neural networks. In an asymptotic regime where network width is increasing linearly in sample size, under random…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-13 Zhou Fan , Zhichao Wang

Modern deep learning models employ considerably more parameters than required to fit the training data. Whereas conventional statistical wisdom suggests such models should drastically overfit, in practice these models generalize remarkably…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-18 Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

In this paper, we provide the first precise distributional characterization of gradient descent iterates for general multi-layer neural networks under the canonical single-index regression model, in the `finite-width proportional regime'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Qiyang Han , Masaaki Imaizumi

Previous work has cast doubt on the general framework of uniform convergence and its ability to explain generalization in neural networks. By considering a specific dataset, it was observed that a neural network completely misclassifies a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Gregor Bachmann , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Thomas Hofmann

We study nonparametric regression by an over-parameterized two-layer neural network trained by gradient descent (GD) in this paper. We show that, if the neural network is trained by GD with early stopping, then the trained network renders a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-07 Yingzhen Yang , Ping Li

Matrix completion problems arise in many applications including recommendation systems, computer vision, and genomics. Increasingly larger neural networks have been successful in many of these applications, but at considerable computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan , George Stefanakis , Mikhail Belkin , Caroline Uhler

In this paper, we study the data-dependent convergence and generalization behavior of gradient methods for neural networks with smooth activation. Our first result is a novel bound on the excess risk of deep networks trained by the logistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Hossein Taheri , Christos Thrampoulidis , Arya Mazumdar

In the era of large language models (LLMs), fine-tuning pretrained models has become ubiquitous. Yet the theoretical underpinning remains an open question. A central question is why only a few epochs of fine-tuning are typically sufficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Zexuan Sun , Garvesh Raskutti

An interesting observation in artificial neural networks is their favorable generalization error despite typically being extremely overparameterized. It is well known that the classical statistical learning methods often result in vacuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Sattar Vakili , Michael Bromberg , Jezabel Garcia , Da-shan Shiu , Alberto Bernacchia

We study neural network training (NNT): optimizing a neural network's parameters to minimize the training loss over a given dataset. NNT has been studied extensively under theoretic lenses, mainly on two-layer networks with linear or ReLU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Ilan Doron-Arad

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated dominating performance in many fields; since AlexNet, networks used in practice are going wider and deeper. On the theoretical side, a long line of works has been focusing on training neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Yuanzhi Li , Zhao Song

In this paper, we leverage a recent deep kernel representer theorem to connect kernel based learning and (deep) neural networks in order to understand their interplay. In particular, we show that the use of special types of kernels yields…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Tizian Wenzel , Gabriele Santin , Bernard Haasdonk

Contemporary deep neural networks exhibit impressive results on practical problems. These networks generalize well although their inherent capacity may extend significantly beyond the number of training examples. We analyze this behavior in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-03 Tamir Hazan , Tommi Jaakkola

In this paper, we study the generalization ability of the wide residual network on $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$ with the ReLU activation function. We first show that as the width $m\rightarrow\infty$, the residual network kernel (RNK) uniformly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-31 Jianfa Lai , Zixiong Yu , Songtao Tian , Qian Lin

Neural operators are aiming at approximating operators mapping between Banach spaces of functions, achieving much success in the field of scientific computing. Compared to certain deep learning-based solvers, such as Physics-Informed Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Xianliang Xu , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

While random Fourier features are a classic tool in kernel methods, their utility as a pre-processing step for deep learning on tabular data has been largely overlooked. Motivated by shortcomings in tabular deep learning pipelines -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Renat Sergazinov , Jing Wu , Shao-An Yin