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Context. The crust composition of rocky exoplanets with a substantial atmosphere can not be observed directly. However, recent developments start to allow the observation and characterisation of their atmospheres. Aims. We aim to establish…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Oliver Herbort , Leon Sereinig

Exoplanet science is booming. In 20 years our knowledge has expanded considerably, from the first discovery of a Hot Jupiter, to the detection of a large population of Neptunes and super-Earths, to the first steps toward the…

Point source spectrophotometric ("single-point") light curves of Earth-like planets contain a surprising amount of information about the spatial features of those worlds. Spatially resolving these light curves is important for assessing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-24 Lixiang Gu , Siteng Fan , Jiazheng Li , Stuart Bartlett , Vijay Natraj , Jonathan H. Jiang , David Crisp , Yongyun Hu , Giovanna Tinetti , Yuk L. Yung

The best-characterized exoplanets to date are planets on close-in transiting orbits around their host stars. The high level of irradiation and transiting geometry of these objects make them ideal targets for atmospheric investigations.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-25 Diana Dragomir , Eliza Kempton , Jacob Bean , Ian Crossfield , Eric Gaidos , Nikole Lewis , Michael Line , Roxana Lupu , George Zhou

Static structure models, which map mass-radius constraints to bulk planet composition, are frequently used to categorise exoplanets due to their computational efficiency and the high-level insight they offer into planetary properties.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-20 Harrison Nicholls , Oliver Shorttle , Tim Lichtenberg , Flavia Pascal

Future space telescopes may be able to directly image $\sim$10 - 100 planets with sizes and orbits consistent with habitable surface conditions ("exo-Earth candidates" or EECs), but observers will face difficulty in distinguishing these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-27 Alex Bixel , Dániel Apai

We study the spectrum of a planetary atmosphere to derive detectable features in low resolution of different global geochemical cycles on exoplanets - using the sulphur cycle as our example. We derive low resolution detectable features for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-15 L. Kaltenegger , D. Sasselov

Exoplanet habitability is traditionally assessed by comparing a planet's semi-major axis to the location of its host star's "habitable zone," the shell around a star for which Earth-like planets can possess liquid surface water. The Kepler…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-01 Rory Barnes , Victoria S. Meadows , Nicole Evans

Planetary atmospheres are inherently 3D objects that can have strong gradients in latitude, longitude, and altitude. Secondary eclipse mapping is a powerful way to map the 3D distribution of the atmosphere, but the data can have large…

With manual searching processes, the rate at which scientists and astronomers discover exoplanets is slow because of inefficiencies that require an extensive time of laborious inspections. In fact, as of now there have been about only 5,000…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ethan Lo , Dan C. Lo

This tutorial is an introduction to techniques used to characterize the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. We intend it to be a useful guide for the undergraduate, graduate student, or postdoctoral scholar who wants to begin research in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-19 Drake Deming , Dana Louie , Holly Sheets

Space-based high contrast imaging mission concepts for studying rocky exoplanets in reflected light are currently under community study. We develop an inverse modeling framework to estimate the science return of such missions given…

The detection of exoplanets orbiting other stars has revolutionized our view of the cosmos. First results suggest that it is teeming with a fascinating diversity of rocky planets, including those in the habitable zone. Even our closest…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-20 L. Kaltenegger

We introduce a new machine learning based technique to detect exoplanets using the transit method. Machine learning and deep learning techniques have proven to be broadly applicable in various scientific research areas. We aim to exploit…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Abhishek Malik , Benjamin P. Moster , Christian Obermeier

Microlensing is a proven extrasolar planet search method that has already yielded the detection of four exoplanets. These detections have changed our understanding of planet formation ``beyond the snowline'' by demonstrating that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew Gould , B. Scott Gaudi , David P. Bennett

For much of human history we have wondered how our solar system formed, and whether there are any other planets like ours around other stars. Only in the last 20 years have we had direct evidence for the existence of exoplanets, with the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-26 Jeffrey L. Coughlin

Dozens of habitable zone, approximately earth-sized exoplanets are known today. An emerging frontier of exoplanet studies is identifying which of these habitable zone, small planets are actually habitable (have all necessary conditions for…

The discovery of extrasolar planets is one of the major scientific advances of the last two decades. Hundreds of planets have now been detected and astronomers are beginning to characterise their composition and physical characteristics. To…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-20 Jonathan Tennyson , Sergei N. Yurchenko

The exoplanet detection is the most exciting and challenging field of astronomy. The discovery of many exoplanets has revolutionized our understanding of the formation and evolution of planetary systems and has showed new ways to search for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-19 Mahima Kaushik , Aditee Mattoo , Ritesh Rastogi