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We demonstrate and explicate Bayesian methods for fitting the parameters that encode the impact of short-distance physics on observables in effective field theories (EFTs). We use Bayes' theorem together with the principle of maximum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-08-14 Matthias R. Schindler , Daniel R. Phillips

Radiative transfer coupled with highly realistic simulations of the solar atmosphere is routinely used to infer the physical properties underlying solar observations. Due to its computational efficiency, the method of short-characteristics…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-17 Courtney L. Peck , Serena Criscuoli , Mark P. Rast

X-ray scattering patterns from emerging single particle experiments have commonly many missing or contaminated pixels. This complicates different analyses including projections on Fourier or other basis functions (for noise suppression,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-11-19 Aliakbar Jafarpour

Numerical simulations of physical systems exhibit discrepancies arising from unmodeled physics and idealizations, as well as numerical approximation errors stemming from discretization and solver tolerances. This article reviews techniques…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Danny Smyl

Sample size determination for a data set is an important statistical process for analyzing the data to an optimum level of accuracy and using minimum computational work. The applications of this process are credible in every domain which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-26 Siddhant Sahu , V. Sugumaran

Adaptive measurements were recently shown to significantly improve the performance of quantum state tomography. Utilizing information about the system for the on-line choice of optimal measurements allows to reach the ultimate bounds of…

We propose a hierarchical Bayesian model and state-of-art Monte Carlo sampling method to solve the unfolding problem, i.e., to estimate the spectrum of an unknown neutron source from the data detected by an organic scintillator. Inferring…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-01-08 Haonan Zhu , Yoann Altmann , Angela Di Fulvioand Stephen McLaughlin , Sara Pozzi , Alfred Hero

Bayesian analysis is increasingly popular for use in social science and other application areas where the data are observations from an informative sample. An informative sampling design leads to inclusion probabilities that are correlated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-07 Terrance D. Savitsky , Daniell Toth

RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous cellular process in which small double-stranded RNAs lead to the destruction of mRNAs with complementary nucleoside sequence. With the production of RNAi libraries, large-scale RNAi screening in…

We numerically investigate the implementation of Haar-random unitarity transformations and Fourier transformations in photonic devices consisting of beam splitters and phase shifters, which are used for integrated photonics implementations…

The interaction of swift, free-space electrons with confined optical near fields has recently sparked much interest. It enables a new type of photon-induced near-field electron microscopy, mapping local optical near fields around…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Germann Hergert , Andreas Woeste , Petra Gross , Christoph Lienau

In all areas of human knowledge, datasets are increasing in both size and complexity, creating the need for richer statistical models. This trend is also true for economic data, where high-dimensional and nonlinear/nonparametric inference…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-12-23 Dimitris Korobilis , Kenichi Shimizu

We report on a particular example of noise and data representation interacting to introduce systematic error. Many instruments collect integer digitized values and appy nonlinear coding, in particular square-root coding, to compress the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 C. E. DeForest , C. Lowder , D. B. Seaton , M. J. West

X-ray Bragg coherent diffraction imaging has been demonstrated as a powerful three-dimensional (3D) microscopy approach for the investigation of sub-micrometer-scale crystalline particles. It is based on the measurement of a series of…

We examine x-ray scattering from an isolated organic molecule from the linear to nonlinear absorptiveregime. In the nonlinear regime, we explore the importance of both the elastic and inelastic channelsand observe the onset of nonlinear…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Phay J. Ho , Adam E. A. Fouda , Kai Li , Gilles Doumy , Linda Young

We develop an ultrawideband (UWB) inverse scattering technique for reconstructing continuous random media based on Bayesian compressive sensing. In addition to providing maximum a posteriori estimates of the unknown weights, Bayesian…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-11-27 A. E. Fouda , F. L. Teixeira

Bayesian models quantify uncertainty and facilitate optimal decision-making in downstream applications. For most models, however, practitioners are forced to use approximate inference techniques that lead to sub-optimal decisions due to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-12 Tomasz Kuśmierczyk , Joseph Sakaya , Arto Klami

Many recently developed Bayesian methods have focused on sparse signal detection. However, much less work has been done addressing the natural follow-up question: how to make valid inferences for the magnitude of those signals after…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-02 Spencer Woody , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , James G. Scott

Quantile regression is a powerful tool for inferring how covariates affect specific percentiles of the response distribution. Existing methods either estimate conditional quantiles separately for each quantile of interest or estimate the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-19 Joseph Feldman , Daniel Kowal

The scattering of polarized light incident from one dielectric medium on its two-dimensional randomly rough interface with a second dielectric medium is studied. A reduced Rayleigh equation for the scattering amplitudes is derived for the…