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The objective of this work is to quantify the uncertainty in probability of failure estimates resulting from incomplete knowledge of the probability distributions for the input random variables. We propose a framework that couples the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-26 Dimitris G. Giovanis , Michael Shields

In indirect measurements, the measurand is determined by solving an inverse problem which requires a model of the measurement process. Such models are often approximations and introduce systematic errors leading to a bias of the posterior…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-22 Maren Casfor , Philipp Trunschke , Sebastian Heidenreich , Nando Hegemann

Machine learning has emerged as a powerful tool in materials discovery, enabling the rapid design of novel materials with tailored properties for countless applications, including in the context of energy and sustainability. To ensure the…

Various noise models have been developed in quantum computing study to describe the propagation and effect of the noise which is caused by imperfect implementation of hardware. Identifying parameters such as gate and readout error rates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Muqing Zheng , Ang Li , Tamás Terlaky , Xiu Yang

The experimental problem of converting a measured binomial quantity, the fraction of events in a sample that pass a cut, into a physical binomial quantity, the fraction of events originating from a signal source, is described as a system of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael L. Kelly

A variational Bayesian inference for measured wave intensity, such as X-ray intensity, is proposed in this paper. The data is popular to obtain information about unobservable features of an object, such as a material sample and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Akinori Asahara , Yoshihiro Osakabe , Yamamoto Mitsuya , Hidekazu Morita

In the real world, experimental data are rarely, if ever, distributed as a normal (Gaussian) distribution. As an example, a large set of data--such as the cross sections for particle scattering as a function of energy contained in the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-11 Martin M. Block

We compare the accuracy, precision and reliability of different methods for estimating key system parameters for two-level systems subject to Hamiltonian evolution and decoherence. It is demonstrated that the use of Bayesian modelling and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-15 Sophie Schirmer , Frank Langbein

This paper considers the problem of estimating linear dynamic system models when the observations are corrupted by random disturbances with nonstandard distributions. The paper is particularly motivated by applications where sensor…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-09 Johan Dahlin , Adrian Wills , Brett Ninness

The single-scatter approximation is fundamental in many tomographic imaging problems including x-ray scatter imaging and optical scatter imaging for certain media. In all cases, noisy measurements are affected by both local scatter events…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-21 Michael R. Walker , Joseph A. O'Sullivan

We introduce a Bayesian protocol based on artificial neural networks that is suitable for modeling inclusive electron-nucleus scattering on a variety of nuclear targets with quantified uncertainties. Unlike previous applications in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-06-11 Joanna E. Sobczyk , Noemi Rocco , Alessandro Lovato

Multiple scattering and attenuation corrections in Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering experiments are analyzed. The theoretical basis is stated, and a Monte Carlo procedure to perform the calculation is presented. The results are compared…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-26 J. Dawidowski , J. J. Blostein , J. R. Granada

We consider the problem of estimating cross-spectral quantities in the low-frequency regime, where long observation times limit averaging over large ensembles of periodograms, thereby preventing the use of approximate Gaussian statistics.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-16 Lorenzo Sala , Stefano Vitale

Interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) can image the dynamics of nanometer-scale systems. The typical approach to analyzing interferometric images involves intensive processing, which discards data and limits the precision of…

Integrating sphere (IS) techniques combined with an inverse adding doubling (IAD) algorithm have been widely used for determination of optical properties of ex vivo tissues. Semi-infinite samples are required in such cases. The aim of this…

We use numerical simulations of ray tracing through N-body simulations to investigate weak lensing by large-scale structure. These are needed for testing the analytic predictions of two-point correlators, to set error estimates on them and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bhuvnesh Jain , Uros Seljak , Simon White

Human bias is capable of changing the analysis of measured data sufficiently to alter the results of an experiment. It is incumbent upon modern experiments, especially those investigating quantities considered contentious in the broader…

Here, we present a numerical post-processing method for removing the effect of anti-symmetric residual aberrations in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of weakly scattering 2D-objects. The method is based on…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-01-19 Ossi Lehtinen , Dorin Geiger , Zhongbo Lee , Michale B. Whitwick , Ming-Wei Chen , Andras Kis , Ute Kaiser

In this paper we show that the discrete Fourier transform can be performed by scattering a coherent particle or laser beam off a two-dimensional potential that has the shape of rings or peaks. After encoding the initial vector into the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 Michael N. Leuenberger , Daniel Loss , Michael E. Flatte , D. D. Awschalom

The problem of imaging extended targets (sources or scatterers) is formulated in the framework of compressed sensing with emphasis on subwavelength resolution. The proposed formulation of the problems of inverse source/scattering is…

Optics · Physics 2009-09-15 Albert C. Fannjiang