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Molecular graph generation (MGG) is essentially a multi-class generative task, aimed at predicting categories of atoms and bonds under strict chemical and structural constraints. However, many prevailing diffusion paradigms learn to regress…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yida Xiong , Jiameng Chen , Kun Li , Hongzhi Zhang , Xiantao Cai , Jia Wu , Wenbin Hu

Molecular optimization, aimed at improving binding affinity or other molecular properties, is a crucial task in drug discovery that often relies on the expertise of medicinal chemists. Recently, deep learning-based 3D generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Anjie Qiao , Junjie Xie , Weifeng Huang , Hao Zhang , Jiahua Rao , Shuangjia Zheng , Yuedong Yang , Zhen Wang , Guo-Bo Li , Jinping Lei

One of the major applications of generative models for drug Discovery targets the lead-optimization phase. During the optimization of a lead series, it is common to have scaffold constraints imposed on the structure of the molecules…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-05 Maxime Langevin , Herve Minoux , Maximilien Levesque , Marc Bianciotto

Molecular conformation generation (MCG) is a fundamental and important problem in drug discovery. Many traditional methods have been developed to solve the MCG problem, such as systematic searching, model-building, random searching,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Gengmo Zhou , Zhifeng Gao , Zhewei Wei , Hang Zheng , Guolin Ke

The generation of 3D molecules requires simultaneously deciding the categorical features~(atom types) and continuous features~(atom coordinates). Deep generative models, especially Diffusion Models (DMs), have demonstrated effectiveness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Yuxuan Song , Jingjing Gong , Minkai Xu , Ziyao Cao , Yanyan Lan , Stefano Ermon , Hao Zhou , Wei-Ying Ma

Due to the vast design space of molecules, generating molecules conditioned on a specific sub-structure relevant to a particular function or therapeutic target is a crucial task in computer-aided drug design. Existing works mainly focus on…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-24 Qi Zhengyang , Liu Zijing , Zhang Jiying , Cao He , Li Yu

The design of novel molecules with desired properties is a key challenge in drug discovery and materials science. Traditional methods rely on trial-and-error, while recent deep learning approaches have accelerated molecular generation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Md Atik Ahamed , Qiang Ye , Qiang Cheng

Molecular conformation optimization is crucial to computer-aided drug discovery and materials design. Traditional energy minimization techniques rely on iterative optimization methods that use molecular forces calculated by a physical…

We introduce InVirtuoGen, a discrete flow generative model for fragmented SMILES for de novo and fragment-constrained generation, and target-property/lead optimization of small molecules. The model learns to transform a uniform source over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Benno Kaech , Luis Wyss , Karsten Borgwardt , Gianvito Grasso

Drug Discovery is a fundamental and ever-evolving field of research. The design of new candidate molecules requires large amounts of time and money, and computational methods are being increasingly employed to cut these costs. Machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-28 Pietro Bongini , Monica Bianchini , Franco Scarselli

This work introduces MiDi, a novel diffusion model for jointly generating molecular graphs and their corresponding 3D arrangement of atoms. Unlike existing methods that rely on predefined rules to determine molecular bonds based on the 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Clement Vignac , Nagham Osman , Laura Toni , Pascal Frossard

Predicting molecular conformations from molecular graphs is a fundamental problem in cheminformatics and drug discovery. Recently, significant progress has been achieved with machine learning approaches, especially with deep generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Minkai Xu , Lantao Yu , Yang Song , Chence Shi , Stefano Ermon , Jian Tang

Molecular discovery has brought great benefits to the chemical industry. Various molecule design techniques are developed to identify molecules with desirable properties. Traditional optimization methods, such as genetic algorithms,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-05 Chris Zhuang , Debadyuti Mukherjee , Yingzhou Lu , Tianfan Fu , Ruqi Zhang

Navigating the vast chemical space of druggable compounds is a formidable challenge in drug discovery, where generative models are increasingly employed to identify viable candidates. Conditional 3D structure-based drug design (3D-SBDD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Kiwoong Yoo , Owen Oertell , Junhyun Lee , Sanghoon Lee , Jaewoo Kang

The fundamental goal of generative drug design is to propose optimized molecules that meet predefined activity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic criteria. Despite recent progress, we argue that existing generative methods are limited in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Julien Horwood , Emmanuel Noutahi

Resource-intensive computations are a major factor that limits the effectiveness of automated machine learning solutions. In the paper, we propose a modular approach that can be used to increase the quality of evolutionary optimization for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Nikolay O. Nikitin , Sergey Teryoshkin , Valerii Pokrovskii , Sergey Pakulin , Denis Nasonov

Molecule generation is central to a variety of applications. Current attention has been paid to approaching the generation task as subgraph prediction and assembling. Nevertheless, these methods usually rely on hand-crafted or external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Xiangzhe Kong , Wenbing Huang , Zhixing Tan , Yang Liu

Key objectives in conditional molecular generation include ensuring chemical validity, aligning generated molecules with target properties, promoting structural diversity, and enabling efficient sampling for discovery. Recent advances in…

Although machine learning has been successfully used to propose novel molecules that satisfy desired properties, it is still challenging to explore a large chemical space efficiently. In this paper, we present a conditional molecular design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Seokho Kang , Kyunghyun Cho

Deep generative models have recently achieved superior performance in 3D molecule generation. Most of them first generate atoms and then add chemical bonds based on the generated atoms in a post-processing manner. However, there might be no…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-15 Xingang Peng , Jiaqi Guan , Qiang Liu , Jianzhu Ma