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We consider feature representation learning problem of molecular graphs. Graph Neural Networks have been widely used in feature representation learning of molecular graphs. However, most existing methods deal with molecular graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Zhaoning Yu , Hongyang Gao

Source code comes in different shapes and forms. Previous research has already shown code to be more predictable than natural language as well as highlighted its statistical predictability at the token level: source code can be natural.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Profir-Petru Pârţachi , Mahito Sugiyama

Neural approaches to program synthesis and understanding have proliferated widely in the last few years; at the same time graph based neural networks have become a promising new tool. This work aims to be the first empirical study comparing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Austin P. Wright , Herbert Wiklicky

Code summarization aims to generate concise natural language descriptions for source code. The prevailing approaches adopt transformer-based encoder-decoder architectures, where the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) of the source code is utilized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Yeshwanth Nagaraj , Ujjwal Gupta

A code generation system generates programming language code based on an input natural language description. State-of-the-art approaches rely on neural networks for code generation. However, these code generators suffer from two problems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Zeyu Sun , Qihao Zhu , Yingfei Xiong , Yican Sun , Lili Mou , Lu Zhang

This article compares two multimodal resources that consist of diagrams which describe topics in elementary school natural sciences. Both resources contain the same diagrams and represent their structure using graphs, but differ in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Tuomo Hiippala

Deep learning models have been successfully applied to a variety of software engineering tasks, such as code classification, summarisation, and bug and vulnerability detection. In order to apply deep learning to these tasks, source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Fuwei Tian , Christoph Treude

The problem of code generation from textual program descriptions has long been viewed as a grand challenge in software engineering. In recent years, many deep learning based approaches have been proposed, which can generate a sequence of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Chen Lyu , Ruyun Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Hanwen Zhang , Songlin Hu

Textual graphs are ubiquitous in real-world applications, featuring rich text information with complex relationships, which enables advanced research across various fields. Textual graph representation learning aims to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Wenbin Hu , Huihao Jing , Qi Hu , Haoran Li , Yangqiu Song

Machine learning models that take computer program source code as input typically use Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. However, a major challenge is that code is written using an open, rapidly changing vocabulary due to, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Milan Cvitkovic , Badal Singh , Anima Anandkumar

Transformer-based models have demonstrated significant success in various source code representation tasks. Nonetheless, traditional positional embeddings employed by these models inadequately capture the hierarchical structure intrinsic to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Patryk Bartkowiak , Filip Graliński

Graph is a universe data structure that is widely used to organize data in real-world. Various real-word networks like the transportation network, social and academic network can be represented by graphs. Recent years have witnessed the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Xueyi Liu , Jie Tang

Graph structured data provide two-fold information: graph structures and node attributes. Numerous graph-based algorithms rely on both information to achieve success in supervised tasks, such as node classification and link prediction.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-24 Xu Chen , Siheng Chen , Huangjie Zheng , Jiangchao Yao , Kenan Cui , Ya Zhang , Ivor W. Tsang

Many real-world problems are naturally modeled as heterogeneous graphs, where nodes and edges represent multiple types of entities and relations. Existing learning models for heterogeneous graph representation usually depend on the…

Source code summarization aims at generating concise and clear natural language descriptions for programming languages. Well-written code summaries are beneficial for programmers to participate in the software development and maintenance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Zi Gong , Cuiyun Gao , Yasheng Wang , Wenchao Gu , Yun Peng , Zenglin Xu

In this paper, we focus on graph representation learning of heterogeneous information network (HIN), in which various types of vertices are connected by various types of relations. Most of the existing methods conducted on HIN revise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Huiting Hong , Hantao Guo , Yucheng Lin , Xiaoqing Yang , Zang Li , Jieping Ye

In deep neural networks, better results can often be obtained by increasing the complexity of previously developed basic models. However, it is unclear whether there is a way to boost performance by decreasing the complexity of such models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Junran Wu , Shangzhe Li , Jianhao Li , Yicheng Pan , Ke Xu

As one of the most detrimental code smells, code clones significantly increase software maintenance costs and heighten vulnerability risks, making their detection a critical challenge in software engineering. Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zixian Zhang , Takfarinas Saber

The remarkable growth and significant success of machine learning have expanded its applications into programming languages and program analysis. However, a key challenge in adopting the latest machine learning methods is the representation…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Ali TehraniJamsaz , Quazi Ishtiaque Mahmud , Le Chen , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Ali Jannesari

Recent years have witnessed the emerging success of graph neural networks (GNNs) for modeling structured data. However, most GNNs are designed for homogeneous graphs, in which all nodes and edges belong to the same types, making them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Ziniu Hu , Yuxiao Dong , Kuansan Wang , Yizhou Sun