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Given a dataset of $n$ i.i.d. samples from an unknown distribution $P$, we consider the problem of generating a sample from a distribution that is close to $P$ in total variation distance, under the constraint of differential privacy (DP).…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Badih Ghazi , Xiao Hu , Ravi Kumar , Pasin Manurangsi

Differential privacy for the 2020 census required an estimated 90 terabytes of randomness [GL20], an amount which may be prohibitively expensive or entirely infeasible to generate. Motivated by these practical concerns, [CSV25] initiated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Surendra Ghentiyala

Bayesian optimization is a powerful tool for fine-tuning the hyper-parameters of a wide variety of machine learning models. The success of machine learning has led practitioners in diverse real-world settings to learn classifiers for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-02-24 Matt J. Kusner , Jacob R. Gardner , Roman Garnett , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Poisson subsampling is the default sampling scheme in differentially private machine learning, largely because its unstructured randomness yields tractable privacy amplification analyses. Yet this same randomness introduces substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Andy Dong , Ayfer Özgür

Differential Privacy (DP) provides a formal framework for training machine learning models with individual example level privacy. In the field of deep learning, Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD) has emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Harsh Mehta , Abhradeep Thakurta , Alexey Kurakin , Ashok Cutkosky

$ \newcommand{\eps}{\varepsilon} $In learning theory, the VC dimension of a concept class $C$ is the most common way to measure its "richness." In the PAC model $$ \Theta\Big(\frac{d}{\eps} + \frac{\log(1/\delta)}{\eps}\Big) $$ examples are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-08 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Ronald de Wolf

We consider the sample complexity of learning with adversarial robustness. Most prior theoretical results for this problem have considered a setting where different classes in the data are close together or overlapping. Motivated by some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Robi Bhattacharjee , Somesh Jha , Kamalika Chaudhuri

The standard definition of PAC learning (Valiant 1984) requires learners to succeed under all distributions -- even ones that are intractable to sample from. This stands in contrast to samplable PAC learning (Blum, Furst, Kearns, and Lipton…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Guy Blanc , Caleb Koch , Jane Lange , Carmen Strassle , Li-Yang Tan

We study a fundamental question of domain generalization: given a family of domains (i.e., data distributions), how many randomly sampled domains do we need to collect data from in order to learn a model that performs reasonably well on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Cynthia Dwork , Lunjia Hu , Han Shao

We study the problem of private distribution learning with access to public data. In this setup, which we refer to as public-private learning, the learner is given public and private samples drawn from an unknown distribution $p$ belonging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Shai Ben-David , Alex Bie , Clément L. Canonne , Gautam Kamath , Vikrant Singhal

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent privatizes model training by injecting noise into each iteration, where the noise magnitude increases with the number of model parameters. Recent works suggest that we can reduce the noise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-25 Xin Gu , Gautam Kamath , Zhiwei Steven Wu

We develop differentially private methods for estimating various distributional properties. Given a sample from a discrete distribution $p$, some functional $f$, and accuracy and privacy parameters $\alpha$ and $\varepsilon$, the goal is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Jayadev Acharya , Gautam Kamath , Ziteng Sun , Huanyu Zhang

Differential privacy formalises privacy-preserving mechanisms that provide access to a database. We pose the question of whether Bayesian inference itself can be used directly to provide private access to data, with no modification. The…

We study the difficulties in learning that arise from robust and differentially private optimization. We first study convergence of gradient descent based adversarial training with differential privacy, taking a simple binary classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Jamie Hayes , Borja Balle , M. Pawan Kumar

The superior performance of large foundation models relies on the use of massive amounts of high-quality data, which often contain sensitive, private and copyrighted material that requires formal protection. While differential privacy (DP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zhiqi Bu , Xinwei Zhang , Mingyi Hong , Sheng Zha , George Karypis

In this work, we study high-dimensional mean estimation under user-level differential privacy, and design an $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-differentially private mechanism using as few users as possible. In particular, we provide a nearly optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Hossein Esfandiari , Vahab Mirrokni , Shyam Narayanan

Private data analysis suffers a costly curse of dimensionality. However, the data often has an underlying low-dimensional structure. For example, when optimizing via gradient descent, the gradients often lie in or near a low-dimensional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Vikrant Singhal , Thomas Steinke

Metric learning seeks a transformation of the feature space that enhances prediction quality for the given task at hand. In this work we provide PAC-style sample complexity rates for supervised metric learning. We give matching lower- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Nakul Verma , Kristin Branson

We initiate an investigation of private sampling from distributions. Given a dataset with $n$ independent observations from an unknown distribution $P$, a sampling algorithm must output a single observation from a distribution that is close…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Sofya Raskhodnikova , Satchit Sivakumar , Adam Smith , Marika Swanberg

Understanding the relationship between generalization and privacy remains a central challenge in modern machine learning theory, particularly for deep networks trained by variants of differentially private stochastic gradient descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Christoph H. Lampert , Hossein Zakerinia