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This is the first in a series of papers devoted to fully general-relativistic $N$-body simulations applied to late-time cosmology. The purpose of this paper is to present the combination of a numerical relativity scheme, discretization…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-29 David Daverio , Yves Dirian , Ermis Mitsou

The gravitational N-body simulation in the Solar system was performed using different parallel approaches with the comparisons in the computational times and speed-up values being carried out under different model sizes and the number of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-03 Tailin Zhu

An approach is developed to find approximate solutions to the classical Newtonian problem of N bodies. Sets of N gravitating bodies having spherically symmetric mass distributions, small angular velocities (< 1 rad/s) and bounded position…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 AbuBakr Mehmood , Syed Umer Abbas Shah , Ghulam Shabbir

Many binary systems of interest for gravitational-wave astronomy are orbited by a third distant body, which can considerably alter their relativistic dynamics. Precision computations are needed to understand the interplay between…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-22 Adrien Kuntz , Francesco Serra , Enrico Trincherini

A new approach to the construction of difference schemes of any order for the many-body problem that preserves all its algebraic integrals is proposed. We introduced additional variables, namely, distances and reciprocal distances between…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-03 Vladimir Gerdt , Mikhail Malykh , Leonid Sevastianov , Yu Ying

Computational efficiency demands discretised, hierarchically organised, and individually adaptive time-step sizes (known as the block-step scheme) for the time integration of N-body models. However, most existing N-body codes adapt…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-20 Walter Dehnen

One of the oldest problems in physics is that of calculating the motion of $N$ particles under a specified mutual force: the $N$-body problem. Much is known about this problem if the specified force is non-relativistic gravity, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-10 Robert B. Mann

Modern N-body techniques for planetary dynamics are generally based on symplectic algorithms specially adapted to the Kepler problem. These methods have proven very useful in studying planet formation, but typically require the timestep for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. S. McNeil , R. P. Nelson

Advances in the variational approach to the $n$-body problem have led to significant progress in celestial mechanics, uncovering new types of possible orbits. In this paper, critical points of the Lagrangian action associated with the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Roberto Ciccarelli , Margaux Introna , Susanna Terracini , Massimiliano Vasile

I review recent progress from $N$-body simulations in our understanding of the secular evolution of isolated disk galaxies. I describe some of the recent controversies in the field which have been commonly attributed to numerics. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Victor P. Debattista

We introduce a class of fourth order symplectic algorithms that are ideal for doing long time integration of gravitational few-body problems. These algorithms have only positive time steps, but require computing the force gradient in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Siu A. Chin , C. R. Chen

The gravitational $N$-body problem, which is fundamentally important in astrophysics to predict the motion of $N$ celestial bodies under the mutual gravity of each other, is usually solved numerically because there is no known general…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-12-10 Maxwell X. Cai , Simon Portegies Zwart , Damian Podareanu

We present a new approach to describe the dynamics of an isolated, gravitationally bound astronomical $N$-body system in the weak field and slow-motion approximation of the general theory of relativity. Celestial bodies are described using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-30 Slava G. Turyshev , Viktor T. Toth

The three-body problem, which describes three masses interacting through Newtonian gravity without any restrictions imposed on the initial positions and velocities of these masses, has attracted the attention of many scientists for more…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-11 Z. E. Musielak , B. Quarles

Several integration schemes exits to solve the equations of motion of the $N$-body problem. The Lie-integration method is based on the idea to solve ordinary differential equations with Lie-series. In the 1980s this method was applied for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andras Pal , Aron Suli

We show the existence of some infinite families of periodic solutions of the planar Newtonian n-body problem --with positive masses-- which are symmetric with respect to suitable actions of finite groups (under a strong--force assumption,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Davide L. Ferrario

An optimization program is used to re-adjust the initial conditions, in order to reproduce as closely as possible the predictions of a complete ephemeris by using simplified equations of motion in the numerical integration. The adjustment…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Mayeul Arminjon

In this work, we perform a first study of basic invariant sets of the spatial Hill's four-body problem, where we have used both analytical and numerical approaches. This system depends on a mass parameter mu in such a way that the classical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-02 Jaime Burgos-Garcia , Abimael Bengochea , Luis Franco-Perez

We present a simple algorithm to switch between $N$-body time integrators in a reversible way. We apply it to planetary systems undergoing arbitrarily close encounters and highly eccentric orbits, but the potential applications are broader.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-08 David M. Hernandez , Walter Dehnen

Analytical methods are used to prove the existence of a periodic, symmetric solution with singularities in the planar 4-body problem. A numerical calculation and simulation are used to generate the orbit. The analytical method easily…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2010-02-09 Tiancheng Ouyang , Skyler C. Simmons , Duokui Yan