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Foundation models pre-trained on massive datasets, including large language models (LLMs), vision-language models (VLMs), and large multimodal models, have demonstrated remarkable success in diverse downstream tasks. However, recent studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Neil He , Hiren Madhu , Ngoc Bui , Menglin Yang , Rex Ying

The two-dimensional directed spanning forest (DSF) introduced by Baccelli and Bordenave is a planar directed forest whose vertex set is given by a homogeneous Poisson point process $\mathcal{N}$ on $\mathbb{R}^2$. If the DSF has direction…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-08 David Coupier , Kumarjit Saha , Anish Sarkar , Viet Chi Tran

Hierarchical data is common in many domains like life sciences and e-commerce, and its embeddings often play a critical role. While hyperbolic embeddings offer a theoretically grounded approach to representing hierarchies in low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hui Yang , Jiaoyan Chen

The recent reconstruction of the Drosophila brain provides a neural network of unprecedented size and level of details. In this work, we study the geometrical properties of this system by applying network embedding techniques to the graph…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-19 Bendegúz Sulyok , Sámuel G. Balogh , Gergely Palla

Higher dimensional theories, wherein our four dimensional universe is immersed into a bulk ambient, have received much attention recently, and the direction of investigation had, as far as we can discern, all followed the ordinary Euclidean…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-22 Fan Zhang

We prove that all hierarchically hyperbolic spaces have finite asymptotic dimension and obtain strong bounds on these dimensions. One application of this result is to obtain the sharpest known bound on the asymptotic dimension of the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-04 Jason Behrstock , Mark F. Hagen , Alessandro Sisto

This paper proves a conjecture by Solomon about Steiner shallow-light trees (SLT) in Euclidean $d$-space: It is shown that for any finite point set $\mathbb{R}^d$, any root, and any $\epsilon>0$, there is a Euclidean Steiner…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Devin Frost , Kimberly Kokado , Csaba D. Tóth

Hyperbolic spaces have recently gained momentum in the context of machine learning due to their high capacity and tree-likeliness properties. However, the representational power of hyperbolic geometry is not yet on par with Euclidean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Octavian-Eugen Ganea , Gary Bécigneul , Thomas Hofmann

The grid cells discovered in the rodent medial entorhinal cortex have been proposed to provide a metric for Euclidean space, possibly even hardwired in the embryo. Yet one class of models describing the formation of grid unit selectivity is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-02-10 Eugenio Urdapilleta , Francesca Troiani , Federico Stella , Alessandro Treves

A {$t$-stretch tree cover} of a metric space $M = (X,\delta)$, for a parameter $t \ge 1$, is a collection of trees such that every pair of points has a $t$-stretch path in one of the trees. Tree covers provide an important sketching tool…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Hung Le , Lazar Milenković , Shay Solomon , Tianyi Zhang

We study the representation capacity of deep hyperbolic neural networks (HNNs) with a ReLU activation function. We establish the first proof that HNNs can $\varepsilon$-isometrically embed any finite weighted tree into a hyperbolic space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Anastasis Kratsios , Ruiyang Hong , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde

Recently, a tree bijection has been found for planar hyperbolic surfaces, which allows for an easy computation of the Weil--Petersson volumes, and opens the path to get distance statistic on random hyperbolic surfaces and to find scaling…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-12 Bart Zonneveld

The family of Euclidean triangles having some fixed perimeter and area can be identified with a subset of points on a nonsingular cubic plane curve, i.e., an elliptic curve; furthermore, if the perimeter and the square of the area are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-13 Nicolas Brody , Jordan Schettler

Deep Learning is mostly responsible for the surge of interest in Artificial Intelligence in the last decade. So far, deep learning researchers have been particularly successful in the domain of image processing, where Convolutional Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Andrii Skliar , Maurice Weiler

We discuss the geometry and topology of the complete, non-compact, Ricci-flat Stenzel metric, on the tangent bundle of S^{n+1}. We obtain explicit results for all the metrics, and show how they can be obtained from first-order equations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Cvetic , G. W. Gibbons , H. Lu , C. N. Pope

Negatively curved, or hyperbolic, regions of space in an FRW universe are a realistic possibility. These regions might occur in voids where there is no dark matter with only dark energy present. Hyperbolic space is strange and various…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-01-27 Harry I. Ringermacher , Lawrence R. Mead

The edge of torn elastic sheets and growing leaves often form a hierarchical buckling pattern. Within non-Euclidean plate theory this complex morphology can be understood as low bending energy isometric immersions of hyperbolic Riemannian…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-07-10 John Gemmer , Eran Sharon , Shankar Venkataramani

We prove an exponential separation in sample complexity between Euclidean and hyperbolic representations for learning on hierarchical data under standard Lipschitz regularization. For depth-$R$ hierarchies with branching factor $m$, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-29 Divit Rawal , Sriram Vishwanath

The large-scale geometry of hyperbolic metric spaces exhibits many distinctive features, such as the stability of quasi-geodesics (the Morse Lemma), the visibility property, and the homeomorphism between visual boundaries induced by a…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-29 Bruce Kleiner , Urs Lang

We investigate perfect matchings and essential spanning forests in planar hyperbolic graphs via circle packings. We prove the existence of nonconstant harmonic Dirichlet functions that vanish in a closed set of the boundary, generalizing a…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Zhongyang Li