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Quantum optimization allows for up to exponential quantum speedups for specific, possibly industrially relevant problems. As the key algorithm in this field, we motivate and discuss the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Jonas Stein , Maximilian Zorn , Leo Sünkel , Thomas Gabor

In the search for quantum advantage in real--world problems, one promising avenue is to use a quantum algorithm to improve on the solution found using an efficient classical algorithm. The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Yunlong Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt

Quantum computers have now surpassed classical simulation limits, yet noise continues to limit their practical utility. As the field shifts from proof-of-principle demonstrations to early deployments, there is no standard method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Kristel Michielsen , David E. Bernal Neira

We investigate a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulation of the graph isomorphism problem using the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE). For small graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Turbasu Chatterjee , Shah Ishmam Mohtashim , Akash Kundu

Maximum cut (Max-Cut) problem is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problems because of its various applications in real life, and recently Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been widely employed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Yiren Lu , Guojing Tian , Xiaoming Sun

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been proposed as a method to obtain approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization tasks. In this work, we study the underlying algebraic properties of three QAOA ans\"atze for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Sujay Kazi , Martín Larocca , Marco Farinati , Patrick J. Coles , M. Cerezo , Robert Zeier

Quantum Approximate Optimisation (QAOA) is the most studied gate based variational quantum algorithm today. We train QAOA one layer at a time to maximize overlap with an $n$ qubit target state. Doing so we discovered that such training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 E. Campos , D. Rabinovich , V. Akshay , J. Biamonte

Protein folding -- the problem of predicting the spatial structure of a protein given its sequence of amino-acids -- has attracted considerable research effort in biochemistry in recent decades. In this work, we explore the potential of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-06 Sami Boulebnane , Xavier Lucas , Agnes Meyder , Stanislaw Adaszewski , Ashley Montanaro

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz, a generalization of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), is a quantum algorithm used for approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems. QAOA typically uses the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Elijah Pelofske

As power systems expand, solving the Unit Commitment Problem (UCP) becomes increasingly challenging due to the dimensional catastrophe, and traditional methods often struggle to balance computational efficiency and solution quality. To…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-27 Jingxian Zhou , Ziqing Zhu , Linghua Zhu , Siqi Bu

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising candidate algorithm for demonstrating quantum advantage in optimization using near-term quantum computers. However, QAOA has high requirements on gate fidelity due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Xiaoyuan Liu , Ruslan Shaydulin , Ilya Safro

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid variational quantum-classical algorithm that solves combinatorial optimization problems. While there is evidence suggesting that the fixed form of the standard QAOA ansatz is…

Designing noisy-resilience quantum algorithms is indispensable for practical applications on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum~(NISQ) devices. Here we propose a quantum approximate optimization algorithm~(QAOA) with a very shallow circuit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-27 Fang-Gang Duan , Dan-Bo Zhang

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) is a prominent variational quantum algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Its effectiveness depends on identifying input parameters that yield high-quality solutions.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Joel Rajakumar , John Golden , Andreas Bärtschi , Stephan Eidenbenz

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) by Farhi et al. is a quantum computational framework for solving quantum or classical optimization tasks. Here, we explore using QAOA for Binary Linear Least Squares (BLLS); a problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Ajinkya Borle , Vincent E. Elfving , Samuel J. Lomonaco

Quantum annealing (QA) and Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) are both heuristic quantum algorithms intended for sampling optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. In this article we implement a rigorous direct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-31 Elijah Pelofske , Andreas Bärtschi , Stephan Eidenbenz

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous and computationally hard to solve in general. Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), one of the most representative quantum-classical hybrid algorithms, is designed to solve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Lixue Cheng , Yu-Qin Chen , Shi-Xin Zhang , Shengyu Zhang

In this paper, we present a new method for calculating expectation values of operators that can be expressed as a linear combination of unitary (LCU) operators. This method allows to perform this calculation in a single quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Alejandro Mata Ali

Quantum computing may provide advantage in solving classical optimization problems. One promising algorithm is the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). There have been many proposals for improving this algorithm, such as using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Vishvesha K. Sridhar , Yanzhu Chen , Bryan Gard , Edwin Barnes , Sophia E. Economou

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading hybrid classical-quantum algorithm for solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. QAOA-in-QAOA (QAOA^2) uses a divide-and-conquer heuristic to solve large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Aniello Esposito , Tamuz Danzig