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Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) leverage inherent, non-clonable physical randomness to generate unique input-output pairs, serving as secure fingerprints for cryptographic protocols like authentication. Quantum PUFs (QPUFs) extend this…

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are widely used to generate random Numbers. In this paper we propose a new architecture in which an Arbiter Based PUF has been employed as a nonlinear function in Nonlinear Feedback Shift Register (NFSR)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Ali Sadr , Mostafa Zolfaghari-Nejad

Hardware security primitives including True Random Number Generators (TRNG) and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are central components to establishing a root of trust in microelectronic systems. In this paper, we propose a unified…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Rachel Cazzola , Cyrus Minwalla , Calvin Chan , Jim Plusquellic

Quantum physical unclonable functions, or QPUFs, are rapidly emerging as theoretical hardware solutions to provide secure cryptographic functionalities such as key-exchange, message authentication, entity identification among others. Recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 Niraj Kumar , Rawad Mezher , Elham Kashefi

In recent years, due to the trend in globalization, system integrators have had to deal with integrated circuit (IC)/intellectual property (IP) counterfeiting more than ever. These counterfeit hardware issues counterfeit hardware that have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Fatemeh Tehranipoor

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are widely used in key generation, with each PUF cell typically producing one bit of data. To enable the extraction of longer keys, a new non-binary response generation scheme based on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yonghong Bai , Zhiyuan Yan

We propose a theoretical framework to quantitatively describe Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), including extensions to quantum protocols, so-called Quantum Readout PUFs (QR-PUFs). (QR-) PUFs are physical systems with challenge-response…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-08 Giulio Gianfelici , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are promising security primitives for resource-constrained IoT devices. And the XOR Arbiter PUF (XOR-PUF) is one of the most studied PUFs, out of an effort to improve the resistance against machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Gaoxiang Li , Khalid T. Mursi , Yu Zhuang

Micro-controller units (MCUs) implement the de facto interface between the physical and digital worlds. As a consequence, they appear in a variety of sensing/actuation applications, from smart personal spaces to complex industrial control…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Liam Tyler , Ivan De Oliveira Nunes

Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) deployed on memristive crossbar arrays provide energy-efficient solutions for edge computing but are susceptible to physical attacks due to memristor nonvolatility. Recently, Rajendran et al. (IEEE Embedded…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Bijeet Basak , Nupur Patil , Kurian Polachan , Srinivas Vivek

We propose a secure and lightweight key based challenge obfuscation for strong PUFs. Our architecture is designed to be resilient against learning attacks. Our obfuscation mechanism uses non-linear feedback shift registers (NLFSRs).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Kleber Stangherlin , Zhuanhao Wu , Hiren Patel , Manoj Sachdev

Randomness in optical systems emerges as a powerful resource for generating complex, non-deterministic light-matter interactions. In particular, random plasmonic metasurfaces harness nanoscale disorder to produce unique and irreproducible…

We design, implement, and assess the security of several variations of the PUF-on-PUF (POP) architecture. We perform extensive experiments with deep neural networks (DNNs), showing results that endorse its resilience to learning attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Kleber Stangherlin , Zhuanhao Wu , Hiren Patel , Manoj Sachdev

Due to the scaling problem of the DRAM technology, non-volatile memory devices, which are based on different principle of operation than DRAM, are now being intensively developed to expand the main memory of computers. Disaggregated memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Takahiro Hirofuchi , Takaaki Fukai , Akram Ben Ahmed , Ryousei Takano , Kento Sato

The signing key protection of Certificate Authorities (CAs) remains a critical challenge in PKI. Traditional approaches struggle to eliminate the risk of key exposure due to those (un)intentional human errors. This long-standing dilemma…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xiaolin Zhang , Chenghao Chen , Kailun Qin , Yuxuan Wang , Shipei Qu , Tengfei Wang , Chi Zhang , Dawu Gu

The current chapter aims at establishing a relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and hardware security. Such a connection between AI and software security has been confirmed and well-reviewed in the relevant literature. The main…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Fatemeh Ganji , Shahin Tajik

Authentication is a fundamental building block of secure quantum networks, essential for quantum cryptographic protocols and often debated as a key limitation of quantum key distribution (QKD) in security standards. Most quantum-safe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Suchetana Goswami , Mina Doosti , Elham Kashefi

With the ubiquity of IoT devices there is a growing demand for confidentiality and integrity of data. Solutions based on reconfigurable logic (CPLD or FPGA) have certain advantages over ASIC and MCU/SoC alternatives. Programmable logic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Sergei Skorobogatov

Efficient utilization of today's high-performance computing (HPC) systems with complex hardware and software components requires that the HPC applications are designed to tolerate process failures at runtime. With low mean time to failure…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Rizwan A. Ashraf , Saurabh Hukerikar , Christian Engelmann

We implement and analyze highly stable PUFs using two random gate oxide breakdown mechanisms: plasma induced breakdown and voltage stressed breakdown. These gate oxide breakdown PUFs can be easily implemented in commercial silicon…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Wei-Che Wang , Yair Yona , Yizhang Wu , Suhas Diggavi , Puneet Gupta